{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:40:41Z","timestamp":1760146841323},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,21]],"date-time":"2009-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1250812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Psychology and Psychoth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>People with specific fears tend to overestimate the occurrence of unpleasant consequences in situations involving their feared objects. Such expectancy bias logically acts in a way to confirm phobic fear and avoidance. Increasing evidence suggests that blood phobia is qualitatively different from other specific phobias. Confrontation with phobic stimuli gives rise to disgust and repulsion rather than (threat\u2010induced) fear. Therefore, this study examined the role of disgust\u2010related UCS expectancies following confrontation with blood phobia\u2010relevant stimuli. Using a thought\u2010experiment procedure, high (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 30) and low (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 30) blood\u2010fearful individuals estimated the probability that the presentation of slides showing a bloody wound and a series of filler slides would be followed by a sip of nauseating juice, a threat\u2010related electrical shock or nothing. Although participants generally expected shock and juice following blood, UCS expectancies for both aversive outcomes for blood were significantly more pronounced in high blood\u2010fearful participants. This implicates that UCS\u2010expectancy biases may be involved in the development and maintenance of blood phobia.\u2002Copyright \u00a9 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Key Practitioner's Message<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p>This paper is relevant to clinical practitioners:<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022 To learn whether disgust and fear could both be important factors in blood phobia;<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022 To examine the role of UCS expectancies in the maintenance of phobic complaints; and<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022 To learn whether cognitive biases towards disgust are relevant to psychopathology (in particular, blood phobia) and to learn about the relevance of addressing disgust\u2010related UCS expectancies for blood in future treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,21]],"date-time":"2009-08-21T10:16:56Z","timestamp":1250849816000},"page":"100-109","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Disgust and fear\u2010related UCS\u2010expectancy bias in blood\u2010fearful individuals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"van Overveld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madelon L.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026999397379926"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Cavanagh K. &Davey G.C.L.(2000a).The development of a measure of individual differences in disgust. 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