{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T04:39:11Z","timestamp":1788928751504,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":53,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Psychology and Psychoth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anxiety disorders and depression are among the most common mental disorders in people with disorders of intellectual development (DID). As many symptoms are not directly observable, diagnoses should not be based solely on third\u2010party assessment. The aim of the study was the development and structural analysis of a self\u2010report questionnaire (SAD\u2010IE) for anxiety and depression in people with DID.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Based on the specific diagnostic criteria of DM\u2010ID\u20102, a trial version of the SAD\u2010IE with 49 items was constructed in plain language. After contacting\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009233 institutions across all 16 German federal states,\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009286 adults with DID and their proxies were included. The factorial structure of the SAD\u2010IE was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis for ordinal data (CFA, WLSMV estimation).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The CFA showed that a two\u2010factor model captured the latent structure of the SAD\u2010IE best (CFI\u2009=\u20090.956, TLI\u2009=\u20090.954, RMSEA\u2009=\u20090.040, SRMR\u2009=\u20090.069), with 39 of the original items having sufficient discriminatory power. The first factor, depression, was reliably represented by 22 items (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      (it,c)\u2009=\u20090.520\u20130.770;\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.900,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c9<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.901) and the second factor, anxiety, by 17 items (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      (it,c)\u2009=\u20090.504\u20130.796;\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.895,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c9<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.897).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The German SAD\u2010IE is a reliable self\u2010report questionnaire measuring the major symptoms of anxiety and depression in people with borderline, mild, or moderate DID. It provides the foundation for an urgently needed self\u2010assessment in addition to existing third\u2010party assessments, ensuring a more comprehensive diagnosis. Further evaluation in practice is recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The SAD\u2010IE is a self\u2010report questionnaire in German that can be completed independently or with little assistance by people with borderline or mild to moderate DID. Instructions and items of the SAD\u2010IE are written in plain language, and pictures for augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) are provided.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The SAD\u2010IE takes into account the deviations in anxiety and depression in people with DID compared to the general population.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The SAD\u2010IE includes relevant items to diagnose anxiety and depression, as well as two additional items to measure general psychological distress.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The SAD\u2010IE is designed as a screening tool but could also be used to monitor subjective changes in symptoms during follow\u2010up assessments or in research.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.70105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T03:29:38Z","timestamp":1750649378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Structural Analysis of the German Self\u2010Report Questionnaire for Anxiety and Depression in People With Disorders of Intellectual Development (SAD\u2010IE)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5666-7603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anika","family":"Gabriel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8866-3102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Almut\u00a0W.","family":"Helmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0983-2673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte\u00a0T.","family":"Brecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8338-7348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia\u00a0I.","family":"Br\u00e4utigam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9392-0484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus\u00a0A.","family":"Wirtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Education  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6773-2925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Bengel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/2698\u20101866\/a000034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021\u2010843X.110.4.585"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Leichte Sprache: Ein Ratgeber","author":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Arbeit und Soziales","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.022483"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"241","article-title":"Assessment of Mental Health Problems in People With Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"43","author":"Costello H.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12080"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.182.4.347"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","volume-title":"Internationale Klassifikation Psychischer St\u00f6rungen: ICD\u201010 Kapitel V (F); 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