{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T07:54:00Z","timestamp":1789026840113,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MI 1975\/7\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MI 1975\/7\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OD 113\/2\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OD 113\/2\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Psychology and Psychoth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Patients with schizophrenia (SZ) tend towards riskier decision\u2010making (DM). Yet the specificity of these findings, as well as the impact of impairments in executive functions (EF), has not been sufficiently clarified. In a preregistered study (\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/n7z6y\">https:\/\/osf.io\/n7z6y<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    ) 40 SZ, 50 patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and 36 healthy controls (HC) completed an n\u2010back task (as EF challenge), the Game of Dice Task (GDT; DM under risk) and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT; DM under ambiguity). AUD and SZ performed worse than HC in the n\u2010back task and riskier in the GDT. In the IGT, only AUD performed riskier than HC and preferred disadvantageous Deck B compared to SZ. However, controlling for demographics and IQ abolished significance. Correlations of performance in the GDT and IGT with working memory differed between groups. Taken together, both patient groups show\u00a0a deficit in the reflective system, whereas only AUD show impairments in the impulsive system. Thus, the direct comparison of DM in SZ and AUD reveals a differential DM profile of SZ and AUD. Our results suggest that both groups may benefit from EF training, especially in planning, categorization and cognitive flexibility, whereas AUD could additionally profit from impulse control and inhibition training. However, the findings need replication with well\u2010matched samples, and the link between EF and DM in SZ should be examined more carefully with experimental approaches.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.70178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T04:58:31Z","timestamp":1764046711000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Die Is Cast: Decision\u2010Making Under Risk and Under Ambiguity in Schizophrenia and Alcohol Use Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5270-6803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Stumpp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Konstanz  Constance Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Wolber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Konstanz  Constance Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natascha","family":"B\u00fcchele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Konstanz  Constance Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonie","family":"Lipinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Konstanz  Constance Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie\u00a0N.\u00a0L.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Konstanz  Constance Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Rockstroh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Konstanz  Constance Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Odenwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Konstanz  Constance Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Mier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Konstanz  Constance Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12082943"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081498"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1584"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geb.2004.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010\u20100277(94)90018\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.11.2189"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12352"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","volume-title":"SCID\u20105\u2010CV Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview f\u00fcr DSM\u20105\u2010St\u00f6rungen\u2013Klinische Version: Deutsche Bearbeitung des Structured Clinical Interview for DSM\u20105 Disorders\u2013Clinician Version von Michael B. First, Janet BW Williams, Rhonda S. Karg, Robert L. Spitzer","author":"Beesdo\u2010Baum K.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","volume-title":"SCID\u20105\u2010PD Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview f\u00fcr DSM\u20105\u2010Pers\u00f6nlichkeitsst\u00f6rungen: Deutsche Bearbeitung des Structured Clinical Interview for DSM\u20105\u2014Personality Disorders von Michael B. First, Janet B.W. Wiliams, Lorna Smith Benjamin, Robert L. Spitzer: Manual \u2010 Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek","author":"Beesdo\u2010Baum K.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","volume-title":"SCID\u20105\u2010SPQ Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview f\u00fcr DSM\u20105\u2010Pers\u00f6nlichkeits\u2010Screeningfragebogen: Deutsche Bearbeitung des Interview for DSM\u20105\u2014Screening Personality Questionnaire von Michael B. First, Janet B.W. Williams, Lorna Smith Benjamin, Robert L. Spitzer","author":"Beesdo\u2010Baum K.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920\u20109964(02)00315\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/peps.12103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7334\/psicothema2016.383"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0894\u20104105.19.3.267"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2006.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2006.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390500507196"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/9.1.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12101335"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1996.0125"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1980\u201057642018dn12\u2010030005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","volume-title":"Internationale Klassifikation Psychischer St\u00f6rungen: ICD\u201010 Kapitel V (F), Klinisch\u2010Diagnostische Leitlinien, Weltgesundheitsorganisation","author":"Dilling H.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.3993"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406\u2010012\u20100330\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708004558"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09060802"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbn068"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2004.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021\u2010843X.114.4.599"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2006.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbv167"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888\u2010021\u201003230\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201055277\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2016.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530\u20100277.2007.00418.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102112"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852918001426"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbv226"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.1734"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065\u2010015\u20109285\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1614\u20102241\/a000016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","volume-title":"Wortschatztest","author":"Schmidt K.\u2010H.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2004.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2016.1206113"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.088"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2017.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010018\u201003087\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057257"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718002660"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469\u2010017\u20109810\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.619855"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2015.00259"}],"container-title":["Clinical Psychology &amp; Psychotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cpp.70178","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T07:04:55Z","timestamp":1766473495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cpp.70178"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cpp.70178"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpp.70178","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1063-3995","1099-0879"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1063-3995","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0879","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70178"}}