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Mounting evidence indicates that individuals with OCD are particularly sensitive to deontological guilt, which stems from the perception of violating an internalised rule, as opposed to altruistic guilt, which arises from the feeling of having harmed others. Here, we assess the impact of deontological vs. altruistic guilt on moral behaviour in participants with OCD. Twenty participants with OCD and 20 gender\u2010 and age\u2010matched comparison participants took part in a social game in which they could choose to lie for a personal reward (self\u2010gain lie) or to benefit the other player (other\u2010gain lie). During the game, they were exposed to stimuli designed to evoke one of three emotional states: deontological guilt (DG), altruistic guilt (AG) or a neutral state. Self\u2010report ratings of DG and AG evoked by the stimuli were also recorded. Exposure to stimuli that evoke the anticipation of AG was associated with a decrease in self\u2010gain lies and an increase in altruistic lies in all participants. When individual emotional ratings were taken into account, we found that stronger AG elicited by the stimuli was associated with fewer lies. In contrast, higher DG ratings were associated with a decrease in self\u2010gain lies in controls but with an increase in self\u2010gain lies in OCD participants. Our results support the notion that DG is particularly crucial for OCD participants and reveal that it can be particularly disruptive for them, suggesting that this emotion should be a primary target of psychotherapeutic intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.70252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T06:40:19Z","timestamp":1774680019000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deontological Guilt Differentially Affects Moral Behaviour in Participants With and Without Obsessive\u2013Compulsive Disorder (OCD)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3149-8855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.\u00a0S.","family":"Panasiti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Sapienza University of Rome  Rome Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3047-1589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Mancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schools of Cognitive Psychotherapy (APC\u2010SPC)  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Italian Academy of Schema Therapy  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Parisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Sapienza University of Rome  Rome Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9246-7332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I.","family":"Gualtieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Sapienza University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.\u00a0M.","family":"Aglioti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Sapienza University of Rome and CLN<sup>2<\/sup>S@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia IIT  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8765-4047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Mancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schools of Cognitive Psychotherapy (APC\u2010SPC)  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Guglielmo Marconi University  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2565"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjop.12245"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"299","article-title":"Early Life Experiences in OCD and Other Disorders: A Retrospective Observational Study Using Imagery With Re\u2010Scripting","volume":"15","author":"Basile B.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry: Journal of Treatment and Evaluation"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/psych.2011.22016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429\u2010013\u20100570\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","volume-title":"BDI\u2010II: Beck Depression Inventory","author":"Beck A. 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