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Statins and PCSK9 inhibitors reduce LDL\u2010C remarkably to low levels but do not eliminate residual cardiovascular risk as a result of other atherogenic lipoproteins or pathways for ASCVD, including inflammation, that are independent of LDL\u2010C. Statins and PCSK9 inhibitors have complex mechanisms of action which appear to be additive and hence beneficial. Statin\u2010intolerant subjects may benefit from ezetimibe, combination nutraceuticals and other drugs in development, while subjects with low LDL\u2010C levels may benefit from anti\u2010inflammatory drugs that target specific pathways. The future of pharmacotherapy for ASCVD will rely on a combination of drugs that reduce LDL\u2010C and other atherogenic lipoproteins and drugs that target pathways including inflammation, endothelial function, vascular stiffness and anti\u2010oxidant activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T05:25:03Z","timestamp":1533619503000},"page":"220-224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Lipid Lowering Therapy for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: It Is Not So Simple"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Vincent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Inc  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1110"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.10.100"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60367-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61350-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","article-title":"LPA variants are associated with residual cardiovascular risk in patients receiving statins","author":"Wei\u2010Qi W.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.09.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.07.743"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.05.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2005.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_10_1","article-title":"Interplay between hypercholesterolemia and inflammation in atherosclerosis: translating experimental targets into clinical practice","author":"Tun\u03ccn J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. 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