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However, DDI information in malaria and HIV coinfected patients are lacking. The objective of the study was to apply physiologically\u2010based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling to predict optimal dosage regimens of quinine when coadministered with lopinavir\/ritonavir in malaria and HIV coinfected patients with different conditions. The developed model was validated against literature. Model verification was evaluated using the accepted method. The verified PBPK models successfully predicted unbound quinine disposition when coadministered with lopinavir\/ritonavir in coinfected patients with different conditions. Suitable dose adjustments to counteract with the DDIs have identified in patients with various situations (i.e., a 7\u2010day course at 1,800\u00a0mg t.i.d. in patients with malaria with HIV infection, 648\u00a0mg b.i.d. in chronic renal failure, 648\u00a0mg t.i.d. in hepatic insufficiency except for severe hepatic insufficiency (324\u00a0mg b.i.d.), and 648\u00a0mg t.i.d. in CYP3A4 polymorphism).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]],"date-time":"2019-11-13T14:11:17Z","timestamp":1573654277000},"page":"1209-1220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Physiologically\u2010Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling for Optimal Dosage Prediction of Quinine\u00a0Coadministered With Ritonavir\u2010Boosted Lopinavir"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Teerachat","family":"Saeheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leading Program Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Product Development Institute of Tropical Medicine Nagasaki University Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kesara","family":"Na\u2010Bangchang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma Chulabhorn International College Thammasat University Pathumthani Thailand"},{"name":"Drug Discovery and Development Center Office of Advanced Science and Technology Thammasat University Klongluang Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Siccardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology University of Liverpool Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajith K.R.","family":"Rajoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology University of Liverpool Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2107-7173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juntra","family":"Karbwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Product Development Institute of Tropical Medicine Nagasaki University Nagasaki Japan"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma Chulabhorn International College Thammasat University Pathumthani Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/367655"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"123","article-title":"Malaria and HIV coinfection in sub\u2010Saharan Africa: prevalence, impact, and treatment strategies","volume":"9","author":"Kwenti T.E.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Res. 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