{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T21:01:34Z","timestamp":1792011694291,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,6]],"date-time":"2020-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Pharma and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Phenytoin is an antiepileptic drug with a narrow therapeutic index and large interpatient pharmacokinetic variability, partly due to genetic variation in\n                    <jats:italic>CYP2C9<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Furthermore, the variant allele\n                    <jats:italic>HLA\u2010B*15:02<\/jats:italic>\n                    is associated with an increased risk of Stevens\u2013Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in response to phenytoin treatment. We summarize evidence from the published literature supporting these associations and provide therapeutic recommendations for the use of phenytoin based on\n                    <jats:italic>CYP2C9<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\/or\n                    <jats:italic>HLA\u2010B<\/jats:italic>\n                    genotypes (updates on cpicpgx.org).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.2008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]],"date-time":"2020-08-11T22:05:01Z","timestamp":1597183501000},"page":"302-309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":180,"title":["Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guideline for\n                    <i>CYP2C9<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>HLA\u2010B<\/i>\n                    Genotypes and Phenytoin Dosing: 2020 Update"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Jason H.","family":"Karnes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice &amp; Science University of Arizona College of Pharmacy Tucson Arizona USA"},{"name":"Sarver Heart Center University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan E.","family":"Rettie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of Washington School of Pharmacy Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew A.","family":"Somogyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Pharmacology Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Huddart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Data Science Stanford University Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison E.","family":"Fohner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health Genetics University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Formea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Intermountain Precision Genomics Intermountain Healthcare Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Ta Michael Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Medicine Institute Geisinger Health System Danville Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Llerena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INUBE Extremadura University Biosanitary Research Institute and Medical School Badajoz Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Whirl\u2010Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Data Science Stanford University Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teri E.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Data Science Stanford University Stanford California USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Stanford University Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth J.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Mintzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Methodist Hospital Division of Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Gaedigk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology &amp; Therapeutic Innovation Children's Mercy Kansas City Kansas City Missouri USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine University of Missouri\u2010Kansas City Kansas City Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly E.","family":"Caudle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital Memphis Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John T.","family":"Callaghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veteran Affairs and Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology\/Toxicology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2014.159"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2011.355"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC).CPIC\u00ae Guideline for Phenytoin and CYP2C9 and HLA\u2010B<https:\/\/cpicpgx.org\/guidelines\/guideline\u2010for\u2010phenytoin\u2010and\u2010cyp2c9\u2010and\u2010hla\u2010b\/>."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"PharmGKB.Gene\u2010specific Information Tables for CYP2C9<https:\/\/www.pharmgkb.org\/page\/cyp2c9RefMaterials>."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.910"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-200204000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.2015.1111871"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"D783","article-title":"Allele frequency net database (AFND) 2020 update: gold\u2010standard data classification, open access genotype data and new query tools","volume":"48","author":"Gonzalez\u2010Galarza F.F.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120403"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-008-9781-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-008-0584-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aai8708"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).Phenytoin drug label<https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cder\/daf\/index.cfm?event=overview.process&varApplNo=010151>. 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