{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T06:39:34Z","timestamp":1784702374487,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Pharma and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pharmacogenetics (PGx) research over the past 2\u00a0decades has produced extensive evidence for the influence of genetic factors on the efficacy and tolerability of antipsychotic treatment. However, the application of these findings to optimize treatment outcomes for patients in clinical practice has been limited. This paper presents a meta\u2010review of key PGx findings related to antipsychotic response and common adverse effects, including antipsychotic\u2010induced weight gain, tardive dyskinesia (TD), and clozapine\u2010induced agranulocytosis (CIAG), and highlights advances and challenges in clinical implementation. Most robust findings from candidate gene and genomewide association studies were reported for associations between polymorphisms in <jats:italic>CYP2D6<\/jats:italic> and exposure and response to specific antipsychotics. As a result, product labels and guidelines from various PGx expert groups have provided selection and dosing recommendations based on <jats:italic>CYP2D6<\/jats:italic> metabolizer phenotypes for commonly prescribed antipsychotics. Other interesting genetic targets include DRD2 for antipsychotic response, <jats:italic>SLC18A2<\/jats:italic> for TD, and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, <jats:italic>HLA\u2010DQB1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>HLA\u2010B<\/jats:italic>, for CIAG. Well\u2010designed studies using large, well\u2010characterized samples that leverages international collaborations are needed to validate previous findings, as well as discover new genetic variants involved in antipsychotic response and adverse effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.2339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T19:19:58Z","timestamp":1623784798000},"page":"582-588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Pharmacogenetics\u2010Guided Advances in Antipsychotic Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Farhana","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Men","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunari","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clement C.","family":"Zai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125318781475"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051688"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000492332"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j4008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2017.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30088-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.3643"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2017.4096"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13595"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbv116"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.15.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2020.1713091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbw058"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-018-0886-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000417"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbv179"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tpj.2015.59"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.97"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-018-1921-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1288-1061"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics in developing countries and low resource environments","author":"El Shamieh S.","journal-title":"Hum. Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2013.825581"}],"container-title":["Clinical Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cpt.2339","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cpt.2339","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cpt.2339","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T13:38:38Z","timestamp":1699364318000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cpt.2339"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cpt.2339"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpt.2339","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9236","1532-6535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9236","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-6535","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-04-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}