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Based on a retrospective cohort analysis of EHR data, drug\u2010wide association studies (DrugWAS) were performed on 9,748 patients with COVID\u201019 at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC). For each drug study, multivariable logistic regression with overlap weighting using propensity score was applied to estimate the effect of drug exposure on COVID\u201019 disease outcomes. Patient exposure to a drug between 3\u2010months prior to the pandemic and the COVID\u201019 diagnosis was chosen as the exposure of interest. All\u2010cause of death was selected as the primary outcome. Hospitalization, admission to the intensive care unit, and need for mechanical ventilation were identified as secondary outcomes. Overall, 17 drugs were significantly associated with decreased COVID\u201019 severity. Previous exposure to two types of 13\u2010valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, PCV13 (odds ratio (OR), 0.31, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.12\u20130.81 and OR, 0.33, 95% CI, 0.15\u20130.73), diphtheria toxoid and tetanus toxoid vaccine (OR, 0.38, 95% CI, 0.15\u20130.93) were significantly associated with a decreased risk of death (primary outcome). Secondary analyses identified several other significant associations showing lower risk for COVID\u201019 outcomes: acellular pertussis vaccine, 23\u2010valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23), flaxseed extract, ethinyl estradiol, estradiol, turmeric extract, ubidecarenone, azelastine, pseudoephedrine, dextromethorphan, omega\u20103 fatty acids, fluticasone, and ibuprofen. In conclusion, this cohort study leveraged EHR data to identify a list of drugs that could be repurposed to improve COVID\u201019 outcomes. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to investigate the efficacy of the proposed drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.2376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T13:06:28Z","timestamp":1627391188000},"page":"1537-1546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["DrugWAS: Drug\u2010wide Association Studies for COVID\u201019 Drug Repurposing"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Cosmin A.","family":"Bejan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine N.","family":"Cahill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"Staso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leena","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josh F.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth J.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.0757"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2020.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2034577"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2035389"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2007764"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[No authors listed].Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with COVID\u201019 \u2010 preliminary reporthttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.06.22.20137273","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.06.22.20137273"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2029849"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.20153"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12839"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.22760"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.22813"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2577-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-020-0153-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2014-002954"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2013-002190"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocz207"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1787"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.3596"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199801000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000182534.19832.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.3.314"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.7819"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","first-page":"250","article-title":"Addressing extreme propensity scores via the overlap weights","volume":"188","author":"Li F.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. 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