{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:27:40Z","timestamp":1791203260513,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Pharma and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The intradermal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in healthy volunteers has proven to be a valuable tool to study local inflammation <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. In the current study the inhibitory effects of oral and topical corticosteroid treatment on intradermal LPS responses were evaluated to benchmark the challenge for future investigational drugs. Twenty\u2010four healthy male volunteers received a two\u2010and\u2010a\u2010half\u2010day twice daily (b.i.d.) pretreatment with topical clobetasol propionate 0.05% and six healthy volunteers received a two\u2010and\u2010a\u2010half\u2010day b.i.d. pretreatment with oral prednisolone at 0.25\u00a0mg\/kg body weight per administration. Participants received one injection regimen of either 0, 2, or 4 intradermal LPS injections (5\u00a0ng LPS in 50\u00a0\u00b5L 0.9% sodium chloride solution). The LPS response was evaluated by noninvasive (perfusion, skin temperature, and erythema) and invasive assessments (cellular and cytokine responses) in suction blister exudate. Both corticosteroids significantly suppressed the clinical inflammatory response (erythema <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0001 for clobetasol and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0016 for prednisolone; heat <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0245 for clobetasol, perfusion <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001 for clobetasol and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0036 for prednisolone). Clobetasol also significantly reduced the number of monocytes subsets, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and T cells in blister exudate. A similar effect was observed for prednisolone. No relevant corticosteroid effects were observed on the cytokine response to LPS. We successfully demonstrated that the anti\u2010inflammatory effects of corticosteroids can be detected using our intradermal LPS challenge model, validating it for evaluation of future investigational drugs, as an initial assessment of the anti\u2010inflammatory effects of such compounds in a minimally invasive manner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.2516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T08:57:01Z","timestamp":1640163421000},"page":"964-971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Clinical, Cellular, and Molecular Effects of Corticosteroids on the Response to Intradermal Lipopolysaccharide Administration in Healthy Volunteers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Thomas P.","family":"Buters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Leiden University Medical Centre 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