{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T14:47:31Z","timestamp":1789051651063,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]],"date-time":"2023-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Pharma and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Genetics are presumed to contribute 30\u201340% to opioid use disorder (OUD), allowing for the possibility that genetic markers could be used to identify personal risk for developing OUD. We aimed to test the potential association among 180 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 120 of which were related to the dopamine reward pathway and 60 related to pharmacokinetics. Participants were randomly recruited in 2020\u20132021 in a cross\u2010sectional genetic association study. Self\u2010reported health history including Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM\u20105) OUD criteria and buccal swabs were collected. A total of 1,301 participants were included in the analyses for this study. Of included participants, 250 met the DSM\u20105 criteria for ever having OUD. Logistic regression, adjusting for age and biologic sex, was used to characterize the association between each SNP and DSM\u20105 criteria consistent with OUD. Six SNPs found in four genes were associated with OUD: increased odds with <jats:italic>CYP3A5<\/jats:italic> (rs15524 and rs776746) and <jats:italic>DRD3<\/jats:italic> (rs324029 and rs2654754), and decreased odds with <jats:italic>CYP3A4<\/jats:italic> (rs2740574) and <jats:italic>CYP1A2<\/jats:italic> (rs2069514). Homozygotic <jats:italic>CYP3A5<\/jats:italic> (rs15524 and rs776746) had the highest adjusted odds ratio of 2.812 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.737, 4.798) and 2.495 (95% CI 1.670, 3.835), respectively. Variants within the dopamine reward and opioid metabolism pathways have significant positive (<jats:italic>DRD3<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CYP3A5<\/jats:italic>) and negative (<jats:italic>CYP3A4<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CYP1A<\/jats:italic>2) associations with OUD. Identification of these variants provides promising possibilities for genetic prognostic and therapeutic targets for future investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.2864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T11:39:35Z","timestamp":1675683575000},"page":"1089-1095","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Genetic Variants Associated With Opioid Use Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Caroline E.","family":"Freiermuth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7215-7734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David F.","family":"Kisor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, Natural and Health Sciences Manchester University  Fort Wayne Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Frey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine The Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Bachmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine The Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason J.","family":"Bischof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine The Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine The Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael V.","family":"Pantalon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany E.","family":"Punches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine The Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"College of Nursing The Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Ancona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0349-5072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon E.","family":"Sprague","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio Attorney General's Center for the Future of Forensic Science Bowling Green State University  Bowling Green Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).U.S. overdose deaths in 2021 increased half as much as in 2020 \u2013 but still up 15%<https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/pressroom\/nchs_press_releases\/2022\/202205.htm> (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Commission on 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