{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T14:50:00Z","timestamp":1747147800826,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004861","name":"Mackay Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MMH\u2010103\u201089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MMH\u2010103\u201089"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Pharma and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Transdermal nicotine patches (TNPs), administering nicotine into the bloodstream through skin, have been widely used as nicotine replacement therapy, and exposure to nicotine can be detected by measurement of plasma cotinine concentration. In animal studies, nicotine treatment could increase the number of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), but the effect of TNPs on circulating EPCs and their activity in humans remained unclear. This study aimed to explore the influence of TNPs on circulating EPCs with surface markers of CD34, CD133, and\/or KDR, and colony\u2010forming function plus migration activity of early EPCs derived from cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells before and after TNP treatments in young healthy nonsmokers. In parallel, pulse wave analysis (PWA) was applied to evaluate the vascular effect of TNP treatments. Twenty\u2010one participants (25.8\u2009\u00b1\u20093.6\u2009years old, 10 males) used TNP (nicotine: 4.2\u2009mg\/day) for 7 consecutive days. During the treatment, the CD34<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> EPCs progressively increased in number. In addition, the number of EPCs positive for CD34\/KDR, CD133, and CD34\/CD133 were also increased on day 7 of the treatment. Furthermore, the early EPC colony\u2010forming function and migration activity were increased with the plasma cotinine level positively correlating with change in colony\u2010forming unit number. PWA analyses on day 7, compared with pretreatment, did not show significant change except diastolic pressure time index, which was prolonged and implied potential vascular benefit. In conclusion, 7\u2010day TNP treatments could be a practical strategy to enhance angiogenesis of circulating EPCs to alleviate tissue ischemia without any hemodynamic concern.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.3249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T10:24:44Z","timestamp":1711448684000},"page":"128-135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transdermal Nicotine Patch Increases the Number and Function of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Young Healthy Nonsmokers without Adverse Hemodynamic Effects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3212-6551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yen\u2010Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Center MacKay Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences MacKay Medical College  New Taipei City Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine MacKay Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6873-740X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting\u2010Yi","family":"Tien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research MacKay Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2858-3493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung\u2010Lieh","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Center MacKay Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences MacKay Medical College  New Taipei City Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine MacKay Medical College  New Taipei City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5146-9234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yih\u2010Jer","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Center MacKay Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research MacKay Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine MacKay Medical College  New Taipei City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6068-2523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng\u2010Huang","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Center MacKay Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research MacKay Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine MacKay Medical College  New Taipei City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3206-0908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hung\u2010I","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Center MacKay Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine MacKay Medical College  New Taipei City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1990.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"108","article-title":"Nicotine: a double\u2010edged sword in atherosclerotic disease","volume":"30","author":"Liu C.C.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Cardiol. 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