{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T16:27:12Z","timestamp":1759940832469},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,13]],"date-time":"2017-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA020830","MOP136937"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA020830","MOP136937"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Pharma and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This \u201cDesigner Drugs 2.0\u201d issue of <jats:italic>Clinical Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics<\/jats:italic> focuses on novel psychoactive substances, primarily cannabinoids and cathinones, and the repurposing of established psychoactive compounds (e.g., modafinil, psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide, and 3,4\u2010methylenedioxymethamphetamine) that simultaneously offer new pharmacotherapies and pose serious health problems. Novel psychoactive substances were initially used as potent tools to investigate endogenous neurotransmitter systems; for example, synthetic cannabinoids have much higher potency than \u03949\u2010tetrahydrocannabinol at the cannabinoid receptors. However, they are now being used illicitly as well as being tested for their efficacy in numerous clinical indications. Likewise, previously established psychoactive drugs are being repurposed as treatments for a wide variety of indications where currently approved medications are ineffective. This set of papers examines the arising problems associated with designer drugs (e.g., adverse events, psychosis, rapid new synthesis, abuse liability testing, internet sales, scheduling) as well as the potential therapeutic promises in areas as diverse as cognition enhancement, exercise\u2010mimetics, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and posttraumatic stress disorder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,13]],"date-time":"2017-01-13T20:00:42Z","timestamp":1484337642000},"page":"152-157","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Designer Drugs 2.0"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"MA","family":"Huestis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, IRP, National Institute on Drug Abuse National Institutes of Health Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"RF","family":"Tyndale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canada Research Chair in Pharmacogenomics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and the Departments of Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology, and Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_1_1","unstructured":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.New psychoactive substances in Europe. An update from the EU Early Warning System (March 2015)(Publications Office of the European Union Luxembourg)."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","article-title":"Focus on cannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids","volume":"101","author":"Le Boisselier R.","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","article-title":"Deconstructing designer drugs","volume":"101","author":"Sellers E.M.","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","article-title":"Disruptive potential of the internet to transform illicit drug markets and impact on future patterns of drug consumption","volume":"101","author":"Griffiths P.","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","article-title":"Novel psychoactive substances: what educators need to know","volume":"101","author":"Patterson Z.R.","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_1","article-title":"Reinforcer pathology: the behavioral economics of abuse liability testing","volume":"101","author":"Bickel W.K.","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_1","article-title":"Approaches, challenges, and advances in metabolism of new synthetic cannabinoids and identification of optimal urinary marker metabolites","volume":"101","author":"Diao X.","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_8_1","article-title":"Understanding the link between cannabinoids and psychosis","volume":"101","author":"Rabin R.A.","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_9_1","article-title":"The utility of cannabidiol in the treatment of refractory epilepsy","volume":"101","author":"Reddy D.S.","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_10_1","article-title":"Repurposing drugs for cognition in schizophrenia","volume":"101","author":"Yang Y.S.","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_11_1","article-title":"Focusing the neuroscience and societal implications of cognitive enhancers","volume":"101","author":"Savulich G.","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_12_1","article-title":"The mind bending quest for cognitive enhancers","volume":"101","author":"Arce E.","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_13_1","article-title":"Medical cannabis: another piece in the mosaic of autoimmunity?","volume":"101","author":"Katz D.","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_14_1","article-title":"Exercise mimetics: running without a road map","volume":"101","author":"Li S.","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_15_1","article-title":"Potential psychiatric uses for MDMA","volume":"101","author":"Yazar\u2010Klosinski B.B.","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_16_1","article-title":"Psychedelics as medicines: an emerging new paradigm","volume":"101","author":"Nichols D.E.","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.119"}],"container-title":["Clinical Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcpt.575","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cpt.575","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T13:35:04Z","timestamp":1699364104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cpt.575"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,13]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cpt.575"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpt.575","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9236","1532-6535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9236","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-6535","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,13]]}}}