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This scoping review synthesizes current evidence on financial toxicity connected to biological therapies and proposes policy interventions to mitigate its impact, while identifying key research gaps. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across databases Scopus, Medline, Web of Science, CINAHL, and EMB Reviews. The initial set of articles was screened in accordance with the PRISMA framework using Covidence software. After title\/abstract and full\u2010text screening, 24 studies were included in the final analysis. Data were synthesized guided by Witte's framework of financial toxicity, which distinguishes between objective financial burden (direct and indirect treatment costs) and subjective financial distress (material, psychosocial and behavioral effects). Findings indicate that high out\u2010of\u2010pocket expenses are the primary driver of financial toxicity among patients using biological medicines. These costs are often exacerbated by indirect expenses such as lost income, as well as insurance\u2010related barriers including high co\u2010payments. Although several studies acknowledged the subjective financial distress related to financial toxicity, this dimension was underreported, with few studies incorporating patient\u2010reported outcomes or validated quality\u2010of\u2010life measures. This review reinforces the multifaceted nature of financial toxicity in the context of biological therapies and highlights the urgent need for support systems that address both economic and psychosocial challenges faced by patients. Future research should prioritize strategies to improve access to treatment while minimizing the financial burden.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.70278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T03:48:21Z","timestamp":1775274501000},"page":"81-93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Financial Toxicity Associated with Biological Medicines: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8153-3033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura Sara Maria","family":"Saarukka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Sciences University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5657-473X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamilla","family":"Yamileva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8571-6804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kari","family":"Linden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit University Pharmacy  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anniina","family":"Simonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3908-5430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna\u2010Riia","family":"Holmstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2020.21.2.289"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-021-01025-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00341-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2012-0279"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz140"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"80","article-title":"Financial toxicity, part I: a new name for a growing problem","volume":"27","author":"Zafar S.Y.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21443"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.017793"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccao.2021.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.5897"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1787\/health_glance-2017-en"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.6597"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.23.1183"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.02239"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.25374"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07357907.2020.1735084"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11593730-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2015.1054782"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2021.00070"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph13110400"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2021.1849132"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-022-00671-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-021-01688-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14737167.2024.2310684"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2019.25.1.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190147"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-020-00452-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-023-00620-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-025-00727-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES-20-00167"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aromataris E. 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