{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:42:39Z","timestamp":1790743359630,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Pharma and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Biological engineering has emerged since the 1980s as one of the most efficient technologies to develop new medicines. The monoclonal antibody platform is the most widely used, representing about 15\u201320% of drug sales. Only scarce and partial monoclonal antibody life cycle assessments (LCAs) are reported. We estimate the cradle\u2010to\u2010pharmacy gate carbon footprint of monoclonal antibodies from the pharmacopeia on the market (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009103) using the full life cycle inventory of the medicines, encompassing antibody production, packaging production, transport, medicine manufacturing, and associated corporate emissions using a hybrid LCA\/environmentally extended input\u2013output model. Monoclonal antibody\u2010based drugs have an important carbon footprint with a mean of 169.7 kgCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    e\/vial or prefilled syringe (95% CI 10.1\u2013621.1) and 371.4 kgCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    e\/month (95% CI 23.1\u20131,479.5) vs. 14.1 kgCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    e\/month (95% CI 0.33\u201336.2) for an oral treatment. A large fraction of emissions is emerging from corporate emissions. The 95% CI surrounding these estimations is about \u00b135%. Among subparts, antibody production emissions largely vary from 7.1 to 20,206 kgCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    e\/g of antibody (mean 472 kgCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    e\/g, 95% CI 8.2\u20132,529), depending on the production scale. As an illustration, the carbon footprint of second\u2010line treatment options in rheumatoid arthritis ranges from 286 to 2,047 kgCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    e\/year. In cancer immunotherapy, alternative weight\u2010adjusted dosing strategies lead to a 10\u201320% mitigation in greenhouse gas emissions, while \u201clow\u2010dose\u201d strategies may mitigate emissions by 2\u2010 to 10\u2010fold. Antibody\u2010based drugs have a significant carbon footprint, although highly variable. This database allows for a better understanding of the carbon footprint associated with these drugs, in order to better eco\u2010design care pathways.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.70301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T04:01:52Z","timestamp":1778126512000},"page":"236-244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Carbon Footprint of Antibody\u2010Based Drugs and Biologics Using Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7211-840X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Taillemite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecovamed  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Fenelon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecovamed  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9453-5895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Scherlinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Department, National Reference Center for Rare Autoimmune Systemic Diseases, RESO Strasbourg University Hospital  Strasbourg France"},{"name":"UMR_S INSERM 1109, Immunorhumatologie Mol\u00e9culaire  Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7806-101X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Max","family":"Piffoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology, Hospices Civils de Lyon  Lyon France"},{"name":"Medical Oncology Centre L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24487-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab19e1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(20)30121-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(20)30271-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","unstructured":"The Shift Project.Plan de transformation de l'\u00e9conomie fran\u00e7aise \u2013 rapport sant\u00e9 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(19)30192-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","unstructured":"US Government.USEEIO v2.0.1\u2013411 2023<https:\/\/catalog.data.gov\/dataset\/useeio\u2010v2\u20100\u20101\u2010411>. 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