{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:27:11Z","timestamp":1791235631397,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N91019D00024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N91019D00024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Protocols"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary mode of transmission for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) is infection of the respiratory tract through droplets and\/or aerosols. Therefore, immune responses at respiratory mucosal surfaces play a significant role in the prevention of infection. Greater emphasis is now being placed on mucosal immunity induced by exposure to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antigens through infection or vaccination. In concert with cellular immunity, humoral responses at mucosal surfaces, especially the secretory version of immunoglobulin A (sIgA), can be instrumental in preventing respiratory infections. A better understanding of mucosal immune responses can further our knowledge of immunity to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 and help inform vaccine design. Here we describe a detailed protocol for an <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> assay based on the enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess mucosal antibody response to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 spike protein in human saliva. \u00a9 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Basic Protocol<\/jats:bold>: ELISA measurement of mucosal antibodies to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 spike protein in human saliva<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.1024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T12:24:35Z","timestamp":1712319875000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An ELISA\u2010Based Method to Measure Mucosal Antibody Responses Against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in Human Saliva"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Disha","family":"Bhavsar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York"},{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C\u2010VaRPP) Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaori","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York"},{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C\u2010VaRPP) Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York"},{"name":"Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses National Institute of Infectious Diseases  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gagandeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York"},{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C\u2010VaRPP) Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4121-776X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Krammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York"},{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C\u2010VaRPP) Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York"},{"name":"Ignaz Semmelweis Institute, Interuniversity Institute for Infection Research Medical University of Vienna  Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02280\u201023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2209651"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473\u20103099(22)00834\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2609.202095"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201032389\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385\u2010022\u201000511\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpmc.100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010021\u201026499\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1503885112"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030237"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010020\u20102008\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017"}],"container-title":["Current Protocols"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/currentprotocols.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cpz1.1024","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T08:27:56Z","timestamp":1715243276000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/currentprotocols.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cpz1.1024"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cpz1.1024"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpz1.1024","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2691-1299","2691-1299"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2691-1299","type":"print"},{"value":"2691-1299","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"article-number":"e1024"}}