{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T20:32:03Z","timestamp":1790973123828,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/P013511\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/P013511\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Protocols"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Wheat, though a key crop plant with considerable influence on world food security, has nonetheless trailed behind other major cereals in the advancement of gene transformation technology for its improvement. New breeding technologies such as genome editing allow precise DNA manipulation, but their potential is limited by low regeneration efficiencies in tissue culture and the lack of transformable genotypes. We developed, in the hexaploid spring wheat cultivar \u201cFielder,\u201d a robust, reproducible <jats:italic>Agrobacterium tumefaciens<\/jats:italic>\u2013mediated transformation system with transformation efficiencies of up to 33%. The system requires immature embryos as starting material and includes a centrifugation pretreatment before the inoculation with <jats:italic>Agrobacterium<\/jats:italic>. This high\u2010throughput, highly efficient, and repeatable transformation system has been used effectively to introduce genes of interest for overexpression, RNA interference, and CRISPR\u2010Cas\u2010based genome editing. With slight modifications reported here, the standard protocol can be applied to the hexaploid wheat \u201cCadenza\u201d and the tetraploid durum wheat \u201cKronos\u201d with efficiencies of up to 4% and 10%, respectively. The system has also been employed to assess the developmental gene fusion <jats:italic>GRF<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>GIF<\/jats:italic> with outstanding results. In our hands, this technology combined with our transformation system improved transformation efficiency to 77.5% in Fielder. This combination should help alleviate the genotype dependence of wheat transformation, allowing new genome\u2010editing tools to be used directly in more elite wheat varieties. \u00a9 2021 The Authors.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This article was corrected on 20 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Basic Protocol 1<\/jats:bold>: Growing of donor plants<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Basic Protocol 2<\/jats:bold>: Transformation of <jats:italic>Agrobacterium<\/jats:italic> with vector by electroporation<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Basic Protocol 3<\/jats:bold>: Starting material collection, sterilization, and embryo inoculation<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Basic Protocol 4<\/jats:bold>: Selection, regeneration, rooting, and acclimatization of transformants<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.58","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T13:25:01Z","timestamp":1614777901000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["An Efficient <i>Agrobacterium<\/i>\u2010Mediated Transformation Protocol for Hexaploid and Tetraploid Wheat"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Sadiye","family":"Hayta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"John Innes Centre, 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