{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T01:56:34Z","timestamp":1792634194939,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Protocols"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Metastasis remains a leading cause of cancer\u2010related mortality, yet its study has been constrained by the lack of reliable animal models that faithfully replicate this complex process. Syngeneic models for studying lung cancer metastasis are limited, with the Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) model being the most commonly employed. The conventional LLC orthotopic model involves injecting LLC cells intravenously (i.v.) via the tail vein into syngeneic C57BL\/6 mice. However, this model has significant drawbacks, such as tumor development in multiple anatomical sites, incomplete lung tumor penetrance, and challenges in monitoring lung tumor growth. This article highlights the advantages of using luciferase\u2010expressing LLC cells combined with bioluminescence imaging (BLI) to quantify tumor progression in live animals. We demonstrate that both white\u2010 and black\u2010furred C57BL\/6 mice can be used for BLI. Finally, we propose that intranasal (i.n.) instillation of LLC cells offers a valuable alternative to the traditional i.v. tail vein injection method, particularly for its simplicity and improved reproducibility. Although the LLC i.n. model does not recapitulate the metastasis process via the blood vascular route, it is an effective model for studying tumor seeding within the lungs and is particularly useful for analyzing the impact of the lung microenvironment on tumor initiation and progression. \u00a9 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Basic Protocol 1<\/jats:bold>: Lewis lung carcinoma intravenous injection method<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Support Protocol<\/jats:bold>: In vivo bioluminescence imaging<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Basic Protocol 2<\/jats:bold>: Lewis lung carcinoma intranasal instillation method<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.70071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T18:19:35Z","timestamp":1733941175000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging of Tumor Progression in the Lewis Lung Carcinoma Orthotopic Mouse Model: A Comparison Between the Tail Vein Injection and Intranasal Instillation Methods"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Miki","family":"Yamada\u2010Hara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, Department of Medicine University of California San Diego  La Jolla California"},{"name":"Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences  Niigata Japan"},{"name":"Research Center for Advanced Oral Science Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, Department of Medicine University of California San Diego  La Jolla California"},{"name":"Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Won","family":"Byun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, Department of Medicine University of California San Diego  La Jolla California"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Inha University School of Medicine  Incheon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, Department of Medicine University of California San Diego  La Jolla California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihe","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, Department of Medicine University of California San Diego  La Jolla California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arisachi","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, Department of Medicine University of California San Diego  La Jolla California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Malakoutikhah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, Department of Medicine University of California San Diego  La Jolla California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego  La Jolla California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J. 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