{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T14:12:56Z","timestamp":1780927976491,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Protocols"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>High concentrations of aerosols can be generated within the sort collection area of cell sorters during instrument failures that cause the stream to deviate, such as a partial nozzle obstruction. Complete containment of these aerosol particles becomes essential for operator safety when working with potentially infectious or hazardous samples. Currently, aerosol containment is accomplished through the generation of continuous negative airflow within the sort collection area using an aerosol evacuation system, which can be enhanced by using primary containment devices such as biosafety cabinets. Unlike biosafety cabinets, many aerosol evacuation systems are not certified or tested on a regular basis after installation. Therefore, proper function of the system must be verified by the user prior to running hazardous samples to ensure that it is operational and provides sufficient protection for the operator. This protocol describes an updated procedure for verifying the containment and evacuation of aerosols generated when the stream is disrupted during an instrument failure. In this procedure, aerosols are generated to simulate a partial nozzle obstruction while running 1\u2010\u00b5m fluorescent beads. Air samples are collected just outside the sort collection area using a disposable impactor\u2010style aerosol sampler cassette and are examined for the presence of beads in an effort to detect aerosols. If no beads are present, aerosols were adequately contained and evacuated by the aerosol evacuation system. The presence of beads, however, indicates a potential failure of the aerosol evacuation system and\/or other engineering controls that could result in the exposure of laboratory workers to any infectious or hazardous samples that are run through the instrument. \u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Basic Protocol<\/jats:bold>: Validation of the aerosol evacuation system using 1\u2010\u00b5m fluorescent beads and disposable aerosol sampler cassettes<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Support Protocol<\/jats:bold>: Preparation of 1\u2010\u00b5m fluorescent bead reference slide<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.70123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T11:56:05Z","timestamp":1742730965000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Verifying Proper Function of the Aerosol Evacuation System Prior to Sorting Potentially Infectious Samples"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2394-9185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristen M.","family":"Reifel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Flow Cytometry Core, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7406-0645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avrill","family":"Aspland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7979-578X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suat","family":"Dervish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westmead Research Hub The Westmead Institute for Medical Research  Westmead New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3221-8667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iyadh","family":"Douagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flow Cytometry Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0242-2309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alyssa C.","family":"Fears","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Galveston National Laboratory University of Texas Medical Branch  Galveston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2674-1605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evan R.","family":"Jellison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology University of Connecticut School of Medicine  Farmington Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9322-8730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecily C.","family":"Midkiff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Comparative Pathology Tulane National Primate Research Center  New Orleans Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6801-739X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taryn","family":"Mockus\u2010Daehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular Biomarkers, Biomarkers and Bioanalytical Platforms Precision Medicine, GSK  Collegeville Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7261-6638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matilda J.","family":"Mostr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology Tulane National Primate Research Center  New Orleans Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9148-2836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Solga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Flow Cytometry Core University of Virginia  Charlottesville Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0465-1444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brandon K.","family":"Swan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center  Frederick Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6372-6735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Research &amp; Innovation Center Cleveland Clinic  Port Saint Lucie Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5415-6259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Perfetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flow Cytometry Core, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.24282"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a120501"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.5.1.77\u201082.1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2004.06.078"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.21163"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.22454"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_7_1","first-page":"BA1","volume-title":"NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM)","author":"Lindsley W. 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