{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T15:43:20Z","timestamp":1775663000229,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31003A_130499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31003A_130499"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31003A_141137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31003A_141137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Protocols"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A major, serendipitous psychiatric discovery is monoamine\u2010transporter reuptake inhibition as an antidepressant mechanism of action. Chronic treatment with such antidepressants is efficacious, with onset requiring 1\u20102 weeks, in many but by no means all patients with major depressive or another stress\u2010related neuropsychiatric disorder. The forced swim test (FST) in rats and mice involves the acute, moderate stressor of placement in a container of water: at test onset, the predominant reaction is swimming, interpreted cautiously as active \u201cstruggling\u201d; over minutes, this is replaced by floating, described objectively as immobility. Acute administration of monoamine transporter inhibitors immediately prolongs \u201cstruggling.\u201d Although this readout is of behavioral pharmacological interest, the FST has no (back\u2010)translational relevance to the neurobiological and neuropsychological symptoms\/states of stress\u2010related psychiatric disorders. The persistent adoption of the FST to measure \u201cdepression\u2010like state,\u201d based on interpretation of immobility as \u201cdespair,\u201d \u201chelplessness,\u201d or \u201cpassive coping,\u201d is a major weakness in applied behavioral neuroscience. Rodents do have a concept of learned uncontrollability, such that tests showing this depict an adaptive, not a \u201cdepression\u2010like,\u201d state. Recent psychiatry\u2010neuroscience initiatives, such as the Research Domain Criteria framework, increase the accessibility of specific, transdiagnostic symptoms\/states to behavioral neuroscience methods, thereby facilitating the establishment of animal models. Such animal models must incorporate clinically valid (1) etiological factors, such as prolonged psychosocial stress, and (2) neurobehavioral readouts with face and construct validity for specific symptoms\/states. Increased reactivity to an acute threat, measured as increased Pavlovian aversion learning\u2010memory (PALM), is a neurobehavioral state common in major depression and other disorders. Mice that have undergone chronic social stress exhibit generalized excessive PALM. Therefore, although stating that the FST measures \u201cdepression\u2010like state\u201d is erroneous, mouse models of specific symptoms\/states can be achieved by back\u2010translating etiology and neurobehavioral readouts. Though complex and moderately severe, such models have the potential to provide much\u2010needed benefits in terms of preclinical neuropharmacological target discovery and validation. \u00a9 2026 The Author(s).\n                    <jats:italic>Current Protocols<\/jats:italic>\n                    published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.70312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T12:31:26Z","timestamp":1769776286000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From Struggling (With) Screening Tests to Mouse Models of Depression\u2010Relevant Neurobehavioral States"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5614-4690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Pryce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital of Psychiatry and University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0097-7403.4.3.197"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00496057"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142301.ns0810cs14"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edn.","author":"APA","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44159\u2010023\u201000156\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2020.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(02)02017-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380\u2010025\u201003070\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.6.837"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.07.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.105.1.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010clinpsy\u2010050212\u2010185606"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2025.110430"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/REVNEURO.2000.11.1.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/266730a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2011.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.11.030188.001553"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1154-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583\u2010021\u201000540\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.1008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00428203"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291719001387"}],"container-title":["Current Protocols"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/currentprotocols.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cpz1.70312","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/currentprotocols.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cpz1.70312","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/currentprotocols.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cpz1.70312","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T14:43:35Z","timestamp":1775659415000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/currentprotocols.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cpz1.70312"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cpz1.70312"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpz1.70312","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2691-1299","2691-1299"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2691-1299","type":"print"},{"value":"2691-1299","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"article-number":"e70312"}}