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ICC involves immunolabeling of cells, and IHC immunolabeling of tissues; thus, the main difference is sample thickness. However, the distinction between ICC and IHC is not always clear and can be confusing. We show that a clear distinction should be made between the two. Importantly, we show that assisted ICC is an excellent method for characterizing cell lines. It is quick, reduces background noise without disrupting the expression and organization of the protein of interest, and helps ensure the rigor and reproducibility of results. \u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Basic Protocol 1<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Culture of blood\u2010spinal cord barrier and neurovascular unit cellular components\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Basic Protocol 2<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Immunocytochemistry assisted by PELCO BioWave\u00ae Pro (Fig. 3)\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Alternate Protocol<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Conventional immunocytochemistry\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.70363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T13:55:05Z","timestamp":1776088505000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cellular Characterization Using Microwave\u2010Assisted Immunocytochemistry, A Time\u2010Efficient Alternative to Traditional Immunocytochemistry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3153-4692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aidyn M.","family":"Medina\u2010L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ronawk, Inc. Overland Park  KS USA"},{"name":"This work was done to fulfill the requirements of a doctorate. (Medina\u2010Lopez, A. (2022). <i>Cell death in spinal cord injury: Which, where, when, and how<\/i> (Doctoral dissertation, University of Kansas). ProQuest Dissertations &amp; Theses Global. https:\/\/www.proquest.com\/openview\/3244619b36c1015545280846f480418d\/1.pdf?pq\u2010origsite=gscholar&amp;cbl=18750&amp;diss=y)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irma I.","family":"Torres\u2010V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras  San Juan PR USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noraida","family":"Mart\u00ednez\u2010Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microscopy and Analytical Imaging Laboratory University of Kansas  Lawrence KS USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Rosa\u2010Molinar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University center for cellular Imaging and Departments of Cell Biology Physiology, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22421"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12038\u2010018\u20109811\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.12.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.12.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.3671"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05\u20104944fje"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0968\u20104328(94)90040\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci8040050"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.2010.956920"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097\u20100029(19980701)42:1<24::AID\u2010JEMT4>3.0.CO;2\u2010R"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2011.86"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.03.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20519"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/33.8.3894502"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1551929500051944"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01478885.2006.12069152"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974\u20102727.187915"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1431927602102200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1070320307"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879700900111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/1-59259-969-9:191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_22_1","first-page":"1966","article-title":"Blood\u2013spinal cord barrier: Its role in spinal disorders and emerging therapeutic strategies","volume":"22","author":"Gong Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedical Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/27.8.90074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/1592592015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_25_1","volume-title":"Microwave\u2010assisted fixation for immunocytochemistry","author":"Hall D. 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