{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T11:47:02Z","timestamp":1782474422710,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Protocols"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have reached epidemic proportions worldwide, affecting millions of people and contributing to serious health complications, such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that serves crucial physiological roles in energy homeostasis. However, excessive adipocyte hypertrophy and altered adipokine profiles underscore metabolic diseases. Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing adipocyte dysfunction is therefore of paramount importance in developing targeted interventions. 3T3\u2010L1 adipocytes have been a cornerstone adipogenic model since their establishment in the 1970s. The enduring popularity of this model is owed to its efficient differentiation capacity, faithful recapitulation of adipogenesis in vivo, and amenability to genetic manipulation. We present detailed protocols for the differentiation and phenotypical assessment of 3T3\u2010L1 adipocytes. We include how to perform lipid\u2010based staining to assess the efficiency of 3T3\u2010L1 differentiation, as well as quantify lipid accumulation per cell. Moreover, we provide step\u2010by\u2010step instructions on performing radiolabeled 2\u2010deoxy\u2010\n                    <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010glucose uptake in 3T3\u2010L1 adipocytes in response to insulin. \u00a9 2026 Wiley Periodicals LLC.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Basic Protocol 1<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Differentiation of 3T3\u2010L1 fibroblasts into adipocytes\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Support Protocol 1<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Quantification of adipogenic differentiation by Oil Red O staining\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Support Protocol 2<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Quantification of adipogenic differentiation by Nile red and DAPI co\u2010staining\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Basic Protocol 2<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Measurement of radiolabeled glucose uptake in 3T3\u2010L1 adipocytes\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.70402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T11:30:02Z","timestamp":1781350202000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differentiation of 3T3\u2010L1 Fibroblasts Into Adipocytes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"William J.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of York, Heslington  York United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhea","family":"Couper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences University of Strathclyde  Glasgow United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwyn W.","family":"Gould","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences University of Strathclyde  Glasgow United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4968-547X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nia J.","family":"Bryant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of York, Heslington  York United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2017\u201000073"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.1003118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.101.4.1227"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030759"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780471729259.mca02as00"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2005\u20100415"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010023\u201006445\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092\u20108674(74)90126\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092\u20108674(74)90116\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem\u201064\u20104\u2010832"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005\u20102736(88)90231\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021\u20109258(20)80638\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/scrt328"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.64.070195.002021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/895272"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00709\u201007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.46.11.1667"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"1091","article-title":"Dexamethasone signaling is required to establish the postmitotic state of adipocyte development","volume":"8","author":"Shugart E. 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