{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T17:20:14Z","timestamp":1788283214942,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DA11276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DA11276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 AI07363\u201015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AI07363\u201015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01 DA023503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01 DA023503"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 NS066130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 NS066130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20 GM103643"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20 GM103643"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 NS098426"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS098426"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 DA044886"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 DA044886"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Protocols"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Central nervous system glial cells are known to mediate many neurocognitive\/neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Similar glial responses have been recognized as critical factors contributing to the development of diseases in the peripheral nervous system, including various types of peripheral neuropathies, such as peripheral nerve injury\u2010induced neuropathic pain, diabetic neuropathy, and HIV\u2010associated sensory neuropathy. Investigation of the central mechanisms of these peripherally\u2010manifested diseases often requires the examination of spinal cord glial cells at cellular\/molecular levels in vitro. When using rodent models to study these diseases, many investigators have chosen to use neonatal cerebral cortices to prepare glial cultures or immortalized cell lines in order to obtain sufficient numbers of cells for assessment. However, differences in responses between cell lines versus primary cultures, neonatal vs. adult cells, and brain vs. spinal cord cells may result in misleading data. Here, we describe a protocol for preparing mixed glial cells from adult mouse spinal cord that can be used for direct in vitro evaluations or further preparation of microglia\u2010enriched and microglia\u2010depleted cells. In this protocol, spinal cord tissue is enzymatically dissociated and adult mixed glial cells are ready to be used between 12 and 14 days after the establishment of the culture. This protocol may be further refined to prepare spinal cord glial cells from spinal cord tissues of adult rats and potentially other species. Mixed glial cultures can be prepared from animals of different strains or post\u2010in vivo manipulations and therefore are suitable for studying a variety of diseases\/disorders that involve spinal cord pathological changes, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis, as well as toxin\u2010induced changes. \u00a9 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Basic Protocol<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Preparation of primary mixed glial cell cultures from adult mouse spinal cord tissue\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T08:35:31Z","timestamp":1681288531000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Preparation of Primary Mixed Glial Cell Cultures from Adult Mouse Spinal Cord Tissue"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Ling","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine University of New England  Biddeford Maine"},{"name":"Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences University of New England  Biddeford Maine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth N.","family":"Bean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine University of New England  Biddeford Maine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer T.","family":"Malon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences University of New England  Biddeford 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