{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:57:17Z","timestamp":1790776637279,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Protocols"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Carbamylation corresponds to the nonenzymatic binding of isocyanic acid to protein amino groups and participates in protein molecular aging, characterized by the alteration of their structural and functional properties. Carbamylated proteins exert deleterious effects\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    and are involved in the progression of various diseases, including atherosclerosis and chronic kidney disease. Therefore, there is a growing interest in evaluating the carbamylation rate of blood or tissue proteins, since carbamylation\u2010derived products (CDPs) constitute valuable biomarkers in these contexts. Homocitrulline, formed by isocyanic acid covalently attaching to the \u03b5\u2010NH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    group of lysine residue side chain, is the most characteristic CDP. Sensitive and specific quantification of homocitrulline requires mass spectrometry\u2013based methods. This article describes a liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2010MS\/MS) method for the quantification of homocitrulline, with special emphasis on preanalytical steps that allow quantification of total or protein\u2010bound homocitrulline in serum or tissue samples. \u00a9 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Basic Protocol 1<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Sample pretreatment for the quantification of homocitrulline by LC\u2010MS\/MS\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Alternate Protocol<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Preanalytical steps for the quantification of homocitrulline in tissue samples\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Basic Protocol 2<\/jats:bold>\n                    : LC\u2010MS\/MS quantification of homocitrulline\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Basic Protocol 3<\/jats:bold>\n                    : LC\u2010MS\/MS quantification of lysine in hydrolysates\n                  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