{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:50:01Z","timestamp":1792029001310,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GM134880"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM134880"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GM140881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM140881"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Protocols"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Human sepsis is a complex disease that manifests with a diverse range of phenotypes and inherent variability among individuals, making it hard to develop a comprehensive animal model. Despite this difficulty, numerous models have been developed that capture many key aspects of human sepsis. The robustness of these models is vital for conducting pre\u2010clinical studies to test and develop potential therapeutics. In this article, we describe four different models of murine sepsis that can be used to address different scientific questions relevant to the pathology and immune response during and after a septic event. Basic Protocol 1 details a non\u2010synchronous cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis, where mice are subjected to polymicrobial exposure through surgery at different time points within 2 weeks. This variation in sepsis onset establishes each mouse at a different state of inflammation and cytokine levels that mimics the variability observed in humans when they present in the clinic. This model is ideal for studying the long\u2010term impact of sepsis on the host. Basic Protocol 2 is also a type of polymicrobial sepsis, where injection of a specific amount of cecal slurry from a donor mouse into the peritoneum of recipient mice establishes immediate inflammation and sepsis without any need for surgery. Basic Protocol 3 describes infecting mice with a defined gram\u2010positive or \u2010negative bacterial strain to model a subset of sepsis observed in humans infected with a single pathogen. Basic Protocol 4 describes administering LPS to induce sterile endotoxemia. This form of sepsis is observed in humans exposed to bacterial toxins from the environment. \u00a9 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article was corrected on 08 July 2024. See the end of the full text for details.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Basic Protocol 1<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Non\u2010synchronous cecal ligation and puncture\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Basic Protocol 2<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Cecal slurry model of murine sepsis\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Basic Protocol 3<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Monomicrobial model of murine sepsis\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Basic Protocol 4<\/jats:bold>\n                    : LPS model of murine sepsis\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T02:05:50Z","timestamp":1709604350000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Mouse Models of Sepsis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Shravan Kumar","family":"Kannan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0093-3049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caleb Y.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Program University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Heidarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger R.","family":"Berton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac J.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York City New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas S.","family":"Griffith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Program University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota"},{"name":"Department of Urology University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota"},{"name":"Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System  Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3180-2439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir P.","family":"Badovinac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa"},{"name":"Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Program University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001485"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201057265\u20102"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"331","article-title":"Evaluation of factors affecting mortality rate after sepsis in a murine cecal ligation and puncture model","volume":"94","author":"Baker C. C.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/immunohorizons.2200050"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011720"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.101.6.1644"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119578"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12995"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.12.1.60\u201067.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201093912\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001147"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000234"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u20101\u20100716\u20101488\u20104_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.634529"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10081593"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390\u2010018\u20100028\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000515740"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u20101\u20100716\u20101488\u20104_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1130009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12040604"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.07.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u20101\u20100716\u20101488\u20104_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134\u2010003\u20101662\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2014.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01364"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.113345"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00457\u201012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2020.1747799"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","first-page":"333","article-title":"Mouse Septic\u00e6mia Bacilli in a pig's spleen","volume":"13","author":"Moore V. A.","year":"1892","journal-title":"The Journal of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Archives"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.16.2.432\u2010438.1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0806542"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756\u20100500\u20107\u2010233"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2300434"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2300171"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpim.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u20101\u20100716\u20101488\u20104_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115705"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000799"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1684\/ecn.2011.0281"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.956448"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/649557"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e3180556d09"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001243"}],"container-title":["Current Protocols"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/currentprotocols.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cpz1.997","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T05:24:26Z","timestamp":1720675466000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/currentprotocols.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cpz1.997"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cpz1.997"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpz1.997","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2691-1299","2691-1299"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2691-1299","type":"print"},{"value":"2691-1299","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"article-number":"e997"}}