{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T15:42:36Z","timestamp":1777477356104,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]],"date-time":"2019-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate by light microscopy analysis the effect of the use of miniaturised piezoelectric tips versus mini\u2010five area specific curets on calculus removal and postoperative root surface alterations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 20 extracted teeth were used. Two square surfaces (5\u00d75 mm) were marked on each root surface with a diamond bur mounted on a high\u2010speed handpiece. Before and after instrumentation, a series of magnified images (4.2\u00d7) of each experimental surface were taken with a standardized approach. According to a randomization list, the two surfaces on each sample were instrumented in a standardised fashion either with a mine\u2010five curet or a slim piezoelectric tip. The images were processed using an imaging software. Data were summarised as means and standard deviations for the two outcomes (calculus and alterations.) at each time (pre and post) for both of the groups (manual and mechanical).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both manual and mechanical instrumentation significantly reduced the calculus deposits (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) without significant differences between the two groups. Both manual and mechanical treatments significantly increased alterations (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .01). There was a statistically significant evidence of a greater increase in alterations from mechanical treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Slim mechanical piezoelectric tips and manual mini\u2010five area\u2010specific curets have similar effects on calculus removal. Manual instrumentation results in a more homogeneous postoperative root surface with less root alterations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]],"date-time":"2019-07-15T11:44:01Z","timestamp":1563191041000},"page":"519-527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The effect of miniaturized manual versus mechanical instruments on calculus removal and root surface characteristics: An in vitro light microscopic study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Fabia","family":"Profili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice  Osimo Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scilla","family":"Sparabombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dental Hygiene Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche  Ancona Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Tawse Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2791-3796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orlando","family":"D'Isidoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice  Silvi Marina (TE) Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Quaranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Periodontics and Implantology, School of Dentistry and Oral Health Griffith University  Gold Coast QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"627","article-title":"Cementum. 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