{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T21:11:41Z","timestamp":1778965901543,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]],"date-time":"2019-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JSPS KAKENHI Grant 16K11860"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSPS KAKENHI Grant 16K11860"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16K11860"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16K11860"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder on oral bacteria in tongue coating compared with tongue brushing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010two healthy, young adults were enrolled, and a crossover clinical trial was conducted. The volatile sulfur compound (VSC) concentration, Winkel tongue\u2010coating index (WTCI), and the number of total bacteria in addition to <jats:italic>Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/jats:italic> in tongue coating were measured. We instructed subjects to remove tongue coating by tongue brush for Intervention I, to keep the oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder on the tongue dorsum and to let it dissolve naturally for Intervention II, and three oral care tablets 1 day before the measurement for Intervention III.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were significant differences in terms of the level of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S, VSC, and WTCI at Intervention I and all evaluation values at Intervention II. There were significant differences in terms of the level of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S, VSC, WTCI, the number of total bacteria, and <jats:italic>F. nucleatum<\/jats:italic> at Intervention III. The value of WTCI, the number of bacteria, and <jats:italic>F. nucleatum<\/jats:italic> decreased significantly after taking the oral care tablets than after tongue brushing. When compared with Interventions I and III, Intervention III showed the effective results; there were significant differences in the number of total bacteria and <jats:italic>F. nucleatum<\/jats:italic> between tongue brushing and taking tablets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggested that the oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder could be effective in reducing total bacteria and <jats:italic>F. nucleatum<\/jats:italic> in tongue coating when compared with tongue brushing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]],"date-time":"2019-12-03T08:46:47Z","timestamp":1575362807000},"page":"197-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effectiveness of an oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder in reducing oral bacteria in tongue coating: A crossover trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Yuki","family":"Matsumura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Oral Health Science Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences  Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2202-5538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daisuke","family":"Hinode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Oral Health Science Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences  Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2911-6499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makoto","family":"Fukui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Oral Health Science Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences  Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masami","family":"Yoshioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Welfare Tokushima Bunri University  Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Asakuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd.  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