{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T16:23:58Z","timestamp":1780590238197,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,26]],"date-time":"2020-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009418","name":"Nordsj\u00e6llands Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Research Grant for L. Walvik"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research Grant for L. Walvik"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009418","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) is secreted from activated neutrophil granulocytes and is considered an acute phase protein. The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether the NGAL concentration in saliva increases in response to a bacterial throat infection and identify pitfalls, which shall be taken into account in a protocol in a larger hypothesis testing study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Saliva samples for measurement of NGAL concentration where obtained from cases with an acute throat infection (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 21) and controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 24). Among cases, plasma NGAL, plasma CRP, and whole blood leukocytes, were measured as well.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no significant difference in NGAL saliva concentration between cases and controls overall (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= .31). For both cases and controls, the saliva NGAL concentration decreased significantly after cleansing the mouth with tap water (cases<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= .01; controls<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= .01). Among cases, a significant positive correlation between saliva NGAL concentrations before mouth cleansing and plasma CRP concentrations (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= .001) was observed. Blood neutrophil granulocyte count presented a nonsignificant positive correlation to saliva NGAL (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= .07).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We could not demonstrate a simple association between the salivary NGAL concentration and pharyngeal bacterial infection. Furthermore, the salivary NGAL concentrations were higher among some controls than cases, suggesting that cofounders for example, periodontitis, uneven salivary dilution level, or other exogenous factors affect salivary NGAL content.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,27]],"date-time":"2020-04-27T02:59:23Z","timestamp":1587956363000},"page":"433-438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin a biomarker for bacterial\u2010induced pharyngeal infection\u2014A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0666-6965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lena","family":"Walvik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT Head &amp; Neck Surgery Nordsj\u00e6llands Hospital Hiller\u00f8d Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malene","family":"Kirchmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT Head &amp; Neck Surgery Nordsj\u00e6llands Hospital Hiller\u00f8d Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus Antonio Juel","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry Nordsj\u00e6llands Hospital Hiller\u00f8d Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"Kristiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry Nordsj\u00e6llands Hospital Hiller\u00f8d Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lennart Friis","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry Nordsj\u00e6llands Hospital Hiller\u00f8d Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Frantz","family":"Howitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT Head &amp; Neck Surgery Nordsj\u00e6llands Hospital Hiller\u00f8d Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"Ze21","article-title":"C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) and its association with periodontal disease: A brief review","volume":"8","author":"Bansal T.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13277"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00980110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X8100100304"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"A4623","article-title":"Biochemical tests cannot differentiate between tonsillar and middle ear\u2010derived infections","volume":"60","author":"Christensen A. 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