{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T01:38:49Z","timestamp":1776217129724,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]],"date-time":"2020-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of root\u2010shape inserts mounted on a reciprocating handpiece during the procedure of root surface debridement (RSD) on extracted teeth. Three different approaches were compared: ultrasonic scaling, employment of root\u2010shape inserts mounted on a reciprocating handpiece, and a combination of both.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 51 extracted teeth were divided into three groups. The first group was instrumented with an ultrasonic scaler, the second group with flexible root\u2010shape inserts mounted on a reciprocating handpiece (grain size 40, 15, and 4 \u03bcm), whereas the final group underwent a combination of both approaches. The time required for the instrumentation was taken. The specimens were subjected to optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the photographs were evaluated by three examiners who were blinded to the study. The parameters included were: SEM roughness index (SRI) for the roughness calculation, remaining calculus Index (RCI) to evaluate the residual calculus deposits, and loss of tooth substance index (LTSI) to evaluate the loss of tooth substance caused by instrumentation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results revealed that the time taken for the instrumentation was on average longer when the root\u2010shape inserts were employed alone, meanwhile the combined approach did not show significant difference in comparison with the ultrasonic scaling. The lower average RCI was obtained with a combined approach. The use of root\u2010shape inserts seems to cause a moderate increase in LTSI, especially in a combined approach, whereas it resulted in a better average SRI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The employment of root\u2010shape inserts seems to be effective in the RSD for its ability to obtain a smooth and calculus\u2010free instrumented surface, especially when used in combination with an ultrasonic scaler, and their use can so represent a valid approach to be tested in further in vivo studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T06:30:08Z","timestamp":1592893808000},"page":"470-477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A comparative scanning electron microscopy study between the effect of an ultrasonic scaler, reciprocating handpiece, and combined approach on the root surface topography in subgingival debridement"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4794-3439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Dassatti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo Francesco","family":"Manicone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selenia","family":"Lauricella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Pastorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health Catholic University of the Sacred Heart  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierfrancesco","family":"Filetici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Nicoletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology Fondazione 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