{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T15:23:21Z","timestamp":1784647401708,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]],"date-time":"2020-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electronic cigarettes have given rise to a new, largely unregulated market within the smoking industry. While generally supposed to be less harmful than traditional tobacco smoke, awareness of the biological effects of electronic cigarette liquid is still scarce. Our objective was to determine the impact of electronic cigarette flavoring and nicotine on gingival squamous cell carcinoma invasion, RAGE expression, and the elaboration of pro\u2010inflammatory molecules.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Materials<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gingival and tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells were exposed to Red Hot or Green Apple flavored electronic cigarette flavoring with or without nicotine. Immunofluorescence determined RAGE expression. Real\u2010time cellular invasion was assessed using a RTCA DP instrument. Culture medium was assayed for cytokine secretion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to controls we observed: increased cell invasion in gingival cells with Red Hot electronic cigarette flavoring and decreased cell invasion with Green Apple; decreased cell invasion in tongue cells treated with Red Hot electronic cigarette flavoring and no differences in invasion with Green Apple; flavor and nicotine dependent increases in RAGE expression; and differential expression of IL\u20101\u03b1, IL\u20108, and MMP\u201013.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conclude that electronic cigarette flavoring and nicotine orchestrate differential regulation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell invasion and inflammatory effects. This study provides an important initial step in dissecting RAGE\u2010mediated mechanisms of cancerous invasion and molecular avenues employed by OSCC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]],"date-time":"2020-08-12T03:59:43Z","timestamp":1597204783000},"page":"618-625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Cell invasion, <scp>RAGE<\/scp> expression, and inflammation in oral squamous cell carcinoma (<scp>OSCC<\/scp>) cells exposed to e\u2010cigarette flavoring"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Kary Y.F.","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology Brigham Young University  Provo Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelsey M.","family":"Hirschi Budge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology Brigham Young University  Provo Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony P.","family":"Lepre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences  South Jordan Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Rhees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences  South Jordan Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Ajdaharian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences  South Jordan Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordy","family":"Geiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences  South Jordan Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel G.","family":"Epperson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences  South Jordan Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kolten J.","family":"Astle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences  South Jordan Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duane R.","family":"Winden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences  South Jordan Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan A.","family":"Arroyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology Brigham Young University  Provo Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0931-3025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul R.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology Brigham Young University  Provo Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.43.3110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.05.004"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"ZE18","article-title":"Molecular classification of oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Bavle R. 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