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Clinical and microbiological improvement was assessed by random\u2010effects meta\u2010analysis. Methodological quality assessment and heterogeneity were performed using peer\u2010reviewed criteria. PROSPERO registration: CRD42017076.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>PDT showed statistically non\u2010significant increased clinical efficacy (risk ratio (RR) = 1.47 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.68; 3.17]; three studies, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u2009108 participants, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> =\u200950%) and mycological efficacy (mean difference (MD) = 0.54 [95%CI, \u22120.71; 1.79]; three studies, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u2009100; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> =\u200939%) at 30\u2009days, as compared with conventional antifungal therapy. Lack of standardization of treatment parameters and variability in the assessment of outcomes was observed across the studies. All included studies had a moderate to low risk of bias.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>PDT showed comparable effectiveness at treating oral fungal infections, particularly denture stomatitis. The small number of studies in this review, small sample size and variability of methods and outcome measures across studies, highlight the need for more standardized studies with longer follow\u2010up periods to enable recommendation of PDT as an alternative to conventional antifungal therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T10:40:21Z","timestamp":1617360021000},"page":"354-364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Treatment of oral fungal infections using photodynamic therapy: Systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6789-5484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imaan Amina","family":"Roomaney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Craniofacial Biology University of the Western Cape  Tygerberg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8297-8536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haly Karen","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Medicine &amp; Periodontology University of the Western Cape  Tygerberg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1334-8829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark E.","family":"Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2017.01.182"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2019.08.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2017.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2014.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2017.04.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.32.12.1859"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cadastro G. &Giovani E.(2009).Photodynamic therapy of oral candidiasis hi hiv\u2010positive patients. 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