{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:10:24Z","timestamp":1792512624434,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]],"date-time":"2021-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Weakening of lip\u2010closing strength (LCS) associated with an incompetent lip seal (ILS) may affect the oral balance between the lip and tongue pressures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of lip\u2010closing training in children with lower LCS and\/or abnormal habits across different age groups and to compare its effects on increasing LCS in children with malocclusion and\/or oral habits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lip\u2010closing training was performed by 154 Japanese children aged 3\u201312\u2009years using a specialized training device at home for 3\u00a0months. Children with oral habits and\/or exhibiting less than standard LCS were included. LCS was measured using a digital strain force gauge at a dental clinic at the beginning (T0) and after each month (after 3\u00a0months: T3).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children had higher LCS responses after lip\u2010closing training. The first month of lip\u2010closing training was more effective than the subsequent months. With lip\u2010closing training, the LCS increased from an average of 6.2\u00a0N (T0) to 11.4\u00a0N (T3) in Group I, 7.9\u00a0N (T0) to 12.8\u00a0N (T3) in Group II, and 6.8\u00a0N to 11.4\u00a0N in Group III. Anterior cross bite, including reverse bite, open bite, and tongue thrusting, significantly reduced training effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings showed that lower LCS in children with ILS resulted in greater responses to lip\u2010closing training in a short period, but oral dysfunction, such as abnormal habits, inhibited the positive effects of training. Our results suggest that less detrimental effects of malocclusion and abnormal oral habits lip\u2010closing training enhances LCS in younger children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]],"date-time":"2021-09-09T09:41:52Z","timestamp":1631180512000},"page":"209-216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Lip\u2010closing strength in children is enhanced by lip and facial muscle training"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7566-6400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yukiko","family":"Nogami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science Niigata University  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7451-0666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Issei","family":"Saitoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry Asahi University School of Dentistry  Mizuho Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emi","family":"Inada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Iwase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry for the Disability and Oral Health Asahi University School of Dentistry  Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Kubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6354-9138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuki","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science Niigata University  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuniko","family":"Nakakura\u2010Ohshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science Niigata University  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayako","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science Niigata University  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youichi","family":"Yamasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruaki","family":"Hayasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science Niigata University  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasutaka","family":"Kaihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Hygiene Ogaki Women's College  Ogaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1806-83242009000400011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.73.5.622"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/2317-1782\/20152014078"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2017.1334021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1808-8694(15)31179-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.03.007"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"429","article-title":"The influence of incompetent lip seal on the growth and development of craniofacial complex","volume":"29","author":"Drevensek M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Collegium Antropologicum"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/2.4.219"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/crn.2010.032"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"133","article-title":"Airway obstruction, palatal vault formation and malocclusion: A cross\u2010sectional study","volume":"13","author":"Galvez J.","year":"1989","journal-title":"The Journal of Pedodontics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2016.1261441"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348946707600103"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"247","article-title":"Myofunctional and dentofacial relationships in second grade children","volume":"60","author":"Gross A. M.","year":"1990","journal-title":"The Angle Orthodontist"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"72","article-title":"A comparative study of effects of mouth breathing and normal breathing on gingival health in children","volume":"16","author":"Gulati M. S.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27212"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2019.1656936"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.1982.tb01008.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12358"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjp137"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-021-00933-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/2317-1782\/20182017074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082652"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23804\/ejpd.2018.19.03.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdj.2017.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2018.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","first-page":"322","article-title":"A study on the mimetic muscle and the facial nerve of fetuses","volume":"61","author":"Shimada S. G.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the Showa Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/1984-0063.20170022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjx061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2017.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","first-page":"288","article-title":"Relationship between visual acuity and labial closure force in Japanese elementary school children","volume":"61","author":"Yamanaka R","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2209\/tdcpublication.42.73"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.02.009"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cre2.490","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cre2.490","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cre2.490","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T18:59:20Z","timestamp":1692817160000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cre2.490"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cre2.490"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cre2.490","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2057-4347","2057-4347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2057-4347","type":"print"},{"value":"2057-4347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-12-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}