{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]],"date-time":"2025-12-28T15:16:09Z","timestamp":1766934969151,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early childhood caries poses a significant health issue in children under 6 years old. It is determined that <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic> is a primary etiological agent, likely to be transferred through maternal contact.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the association of maternal <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> counts with <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> counts in their children between 6 and 30 months of age, and to determine the maternal and child DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) indices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A community\u2010based cross\u2010sectional study was conducted in Karachi, Pakistan. A sample of 193 dyads of mother\u2013children (6\u201330 months of age) was selected via purposive sampling. Saliva samples of the dyads were collected to assess <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> count. Caries assessment was performed for both using the DMFT index. A pretested questionnaire was used. The association of bottle\u2010feeding, oral hygiene measures, and other factors with <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> counts in children were also explored. Zero\u2010inflated negative binomial regression model at a 5% level of significance was applied using STATA version 12.0.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Out of 193 children, 109 (56.47%) were males and 84 (43.52%) were females. The mean age of mothers and children was 29.4\u2009\u00b1\u20096.2 years and 19.54\u2009\u00b1\u20096.8 months, respectively. Maternal <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> counts were not statistically associated with child's <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> counts (Mean child's <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> count ratio: 1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1, 1.01; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.882). Compared with children who were breastfed, <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> counts were higher in children who were bottle\u2010fed (mean <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> count ratio= 4.85 [95% CI: 1.53, 15.41], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.007). Age of mother and present caries status of mothers was significantly associated with the child's <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> count.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>No association between maternal <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> and child <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> was observed. However, maternal age, children who were breastfed, children who did not use pacifiers,\u00a0and children with mothers who did not have caries, exhibited low <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> counts in their saliva.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T07:13:09Z","timestamp":1664521989000},"page":"1523-1532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<i>Streptococcus mutans<\/i> carriage in the saliva of mothers and its association with dental caries and <i>Streptococcus mutans<\/i> carriage in the saliva of children between 6 and 30 months old in a low\u2010income setting in Karachi, Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ambreen","family":"Nizar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7257-6760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maheen","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farhan R.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry Section, Department of Surgery Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Najeeha Talat","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed I.","family":"Azam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahida","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asad","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fyezah","family":"Jehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01410-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2011.01141.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"543","article-title":"Longitudinal study assessing factors associated with mutans streptococci acquisition in infants and toddlers","volume":"15","author":"Avasare T.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Effect of different patterns of breastfeeding on dental caries of children at 3\u20105 years of age","volume":"5","author":"Baweja M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Specialities (serial on the Internet)"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"106","article-title":"Mutans streptococci: Acquisition and transmission","volume":"28","author":"Berkowitz R. 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