{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T22:55:59Z","timestamp":1781909759143,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present survey aimed to highlight the clinical status of first permanent molars (FPMs) among a group of children aged between 6 and 13 years in public primary schools in Tunisia and to determine the association between FPMs' dental caries, gingival bleeding, malocclusion, dental fluorosis, and enamel defects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The survey involved a cross\u2010sectional study based on a dental examination conducted in public primary schools in Monastir Tunisia. A dental caries assessment was performed on FPMs using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System\u00a0classification; the number of carious lesions in permanent and temporary dentition was established using the decayed\/missing\/filled teeth (DMFT)\u00a0index. The Gingival Index and the Dental Aesthetic Index were used to determine the occurrence of gingival bleeding and malocclusions. Dean's index and the modified Development Defects of Enamel index were used to define the enamel defects. The <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> test was used to assess the difference between more than two groups, and the level of statistical significance was set at .05%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 545 children and 2080 FPMs were examined. The prevalence of dental caries in FPMs was recorded to be 35.8%. The overall mean DMFT\u00a0index of the study population was 1.62 and the mean DMFT index was 1.41. The proportion of carious FPMs increased significantly with the age of the children (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). The mandibular first permanent molar presented higher caries prevalence than its maxillary counterpart (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). The presence of surfaces affected by molar incisor hypomineralization was recorded in 4.3% and the presence of surfaces affected by fluorosis was recorded in 4.6% of FPMs. No association was reported between FPMs' dental caries, gingival bleeding, malocclusion, and enamel defects (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the prevalence of caries in FPMs was considered moderate, health promotion programs should be implemented on a large scale to decrease the prevalence of dental caries among school children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T11:53:07Z","timestamp":1666266787000},"page":"240-248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Clinical status and assessment of caries on first permanent molars in a group of 6\u2010 to 13\u2010year\u2010old Tunisian school children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0256-913X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farah","family":"Chouchene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry Department Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Biological, Clinical and Dento\u2010Facial Approach University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2484-1480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatma","family":"Masmoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry Department Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Biological, Clinical and Dento\u2010Facial Approach University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0673-9079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahlem","family":"Baaziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry Department Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Biological, Clinical and Dento\u2010Facial Approach University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7320-8425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fethi","family":"Maatouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry Department Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Biological, Clinical and Dento\u2010Facial Approach University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1594-646X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hichem","family":"Ghedira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry Department Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Biological, Clinical and Dento\u2010Facial Approach University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21088\/ijde.0974.6099.11118.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/391068"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-1541"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8083277"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345890680030201"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"455","article-title":"Permanent first molar caries status and treatment needs among school going children aged 6\u201314 years in Tenali, Guntur (Dt): A cross sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Devaki T.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of The Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"Gingival and periodontal indices\u2010periobasics.com clinical periodontology. (2020). Accessed December 9 2022. Retrieved from\u00a0https:\/\/periobasics.com\/gingival-and-periodontal-indices\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0070"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300362"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamza M. Chlyah A. Bousfiha B. Badre B. Mtalsi M. 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