{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:35:09Z","timestamp":1790886909244,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the influence of the gingival contour on the smile esthetics. The influence of size, symmetry, teeth involved in apically shifted gingival margins, and the distance and clinical training of the observer were investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two groups were identified: 33 first\u2010year dental students (inexperienced) and 40 last\u2010year students (trained). Each observer expressed four\u00a0evaluations on four\u00a0different images assigning a score from 0 to 10. Using a picture of an \u201cideal\u201d female smile, 10 variants were virtually created by shifting (2 and 4\u2009mm) the gingival contour apically at different sites of the upper incisors and canines. A total of 292 evaluations were collected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Considering a score &gt;6 for a \u201cpleasant smile,\u201d\u00a0only one 4\u2009mm single alteration at the canine gingival contour obtained an insufficient score. \u201cObservational distance\u201d and \u201cclinical training\u201d did not influence the final score, while size and symmetry of alterations displayed a significant role.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The dental training of the observer and a close interpersonal distance seemed to be irrelevant in the esthetic perception of gingival margin alterations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T06:55:29Z","timestamp":1669186529000},"page":"171-176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Role of dental training and distance of the observer on the perception of apically shifted gingival margin with increased vertical tooth size in the esthetic zone"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7312-802X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Montevecchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences Alma Mater Studiorum\u2014University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio Paolo","family":"Desimini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Sforza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice COS Centro Odontoiatrico Sforza Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Bagattoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences Alma Mater Studiorum\u2014University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Piana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences Alma Mater Studiorum\u2014University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01531420"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1999.70.1.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(75)80045-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.73387"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bdj.2007.1110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2015.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8240.2009.00242.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/2176-9451.20.1.040-044.oar"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(07)00020-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-017-0746-1"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"529","article-title":"Modern concept in aesthetic dentistry and multidiscipline reconstructive grand rounds","volume":"59","author":"David S. 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