{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:23:50Z","timestamp":1791332630002,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp;amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lactobacilli and <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic> are stigmatized as cariogenic bacteria, but few studies have simultaneously examined the quantitative and qualitative aspects of lactobacilli and <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> in childhood dental caries. Therefore, this study aimed to detect the presence of <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> and lactobacilli in dental caries using Snyder's test, colony counting, and PCR in the primary teeth of Iranian children with dental caries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted in Kerman, Iran, from March to Jun 2024. After dental examinations, 120 eligible children aged 5\u20139 were chosen using simple random sampling and classified into four groups based on their decayed, missing, and filled (primary) teeth (dmft) index: Group 1 (dmft\u2009=\u20090), Group 2 (dmft\u2009=\u20094\u20136), Group 3 (dmft\u2009=\u20097\u20139), and Group 4 (dmft\u2009=\u200910\u201313). The salivary levels of lactobacilli and <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> were calculated using colony counting (CFU\/ml). Moreover, Snyder's test was applied to evaluate caries activity. PCR was also performed for molecular detection of lactobacilli (<jats:italic>16S rRNA<\/jats:italic> gene) and <jats:italic>S. mutans (gftB<\/jats:italic> gene). Lastly, the association between bacterial counting, molecular findings, and Snyder's test was estimated through statistical methods using SPSS 27.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant differences were found between the age and the PCR results of lactobacilli and <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> among all dmft Groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Moreover, positive significant correlations were observed between the counts of lactobacilli and <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> in dmft Group 1 compared to other dmft Groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Furthermore, the counts of these two bacteria differed significantly in Snyder's test (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). However, Snyder's test differed significantly from the <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> PCR (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), but not from the lactobacilli PCR (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of the study could potentially be considered a promising and cost\u2010effective screening program to identify children who are susceptible to dental caries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T15:40:12Z","timestamp":1734018012000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Molecular and Microbial Detections of <i>Streptococcus mutans<\/i> and Lactobacilli in Dental Caries: An Experimental Study on Iranian Children Aged 5\u20139"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Marzieh","family":"Danaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dana Gene Pajoohan Karmania Company, Member of Iran High\u2010Tech Laboratory Network Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milad","family":"Mollaali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dana Gene Pajoohan Karmania Company, Member of Iran High\u2010Tech Laboratory Network Kerman Iran"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science University of Sistan and Baluchestan Zahedan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vida","family":"Fakharmohialdini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dana Gene Pajoohan Karmania Company, Member of Iran High\u2010Tech Laboratory Network Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamidreza","family":"Poureslami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Department of Pediatrics Dentistry, School of Dentistry Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh Sadat","family":"Sajadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Department of Pediatrics Dentistry, School of Dentistry Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elham Farokh","family":"Gisour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Department of Pediatrics Dentistry, School of Dentistry Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Jahanimoghadam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants on Oral Health Research Center Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aida","family":"Gholampour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Dentistry, School of Dentistry Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehrnaz","family":"Foroudisefat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Dentistry, School of Dentistry Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arezoo","family":"Mirshekari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Dentistry, School of Dentistry Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4502-4754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raziyeh","family":"Shojaeipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Department of Pediatrics Dentistry, School of Dentistry Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.GPP3-0042-2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-020-1921-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"4818","article-title":"Dental Caries and Lactobacillus: Role and Ecology in the Oral Cavity","volume":"11","author":"Ahirwar S. 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