{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T15:02:00Z","timestamp":1788447720404,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp;amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to compare the effects of local and systemic metronidazole in patients with chronic periodontitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this randomized clinical study, 30 patients (3 teeth per patient) were treated in three groups: scaling and root planing (SRP) treatment alone, metronidazole tablet as adjunctive treatment, and metronidazole gel as adjunctive treatment. BOP (bleeding on probing), PPD (pocket probing depth), and CAL (clinical attachment level) data were collected at the beginning and 3 months later. Collected data were tested by Wilcoxon and Kruskal\u2013Wallis tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>BOP, CAL, and PPD levels were significantly different at the beginning of treatment and after 3 months, and this was true for all treatments. BOP, CAL, and PPD levels did not differ significantly between the three groups after the treatment (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effectiveness of these methods was all equal and SRP is still considered as the gold standard in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings. Chronic periodontitis is a progressive disease that can cause tooth loss. The accepted treatment is SRP. Antibiotics used systemically can penetrate the depth of the periodontal pockets but have several side effects. Hence, using a less complicated medicinal form as a topical gel as adjunctive therapy in treating chronic periodontitis can be more effective.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Trial Registration<\/jats:bold>: Iranian clinical trial <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/en.irct.ir\/\">https:\/\/en.irct.ir\/<\/jats:ext-link>: IRCT20210408050898N1<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T14:40:47Z","timestamp":1733064047000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effects of Local and Systemic Metronidazole as Adjunctive Treatment in Chronic Periodontitis Patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5515-3133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Mehravani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0961-8363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehsan","family":"Houshyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry Urmia University of Medical Sciences Urmia Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5923-5822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheida","family":"Jamalnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Kazeroun Branch Islamic Azad University Kazeroun Iran"},{"name":"Student Research Committee Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8066-707X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rasool","family":"Gharaaghaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine Urmia University of Medical Sciences Urmia Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12278"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb14050273"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2014.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1990.61.9.543"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12121"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","first-page":"50","article-title":"Comparison of 1\u2010Periodontal Indices and Cultural Porphyromonas Gingivalis Colony Count in Aggressive Periodontitis Patients Treated by Scaling and Rootplanning With or Without Metronidazole Gel","volume":"9","author":"Kadkhoda Z.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Frontiers in Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","first-page":"309","volume-title":"Carranza's Clinical Periodontology","author":"Klokkevold P. 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