{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T03:41:29Z","timestamp":1774928489066,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp;amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>About 10% of adults in northern Finland have severe dental fear, but there is a lack of detailed knowledge about dental fear among illicit drug users. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental fear and its association with self\u2010reported oral health and health behavior as well as background factors of the customers of substance abuse services living in the region of Oulu, Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred seventeen volunteers, either active or former illicit drug users, were interviewed face\u2010to\u2010face about their background factors, health and health behaviors, and use of illicit drugs. The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) was used to assess a situation\u2010specific level of dental anxiety. For analyses, Pearson's <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> test, Fisher's exact test, ANOVA, and logistic regression analysis were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three out of four participants had at least moderate dental fear (MDAS\u2009\u2265\u200910) and 24% had severe dental fear (MDAS\u2009\u2265\u200919), with the average MDAS being 14.0 (SD 5.7). Participants in drug rehabilitation reported significantly more dental fear than the rest of the participants. Severe dental fear was associated (adjusted) with previous painful experiences OR 10.8 (2.3\u201352.0) and poor behavior by dental personnel OR 4.1 (1.2\u201313.9).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dental fear is common among illicit drug users, and it is, particularly, associated with previous painful experiences and poor behavior by dental personnel.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T18:28:37Z","timestamp":1734460117000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association Between Self\u2010Reported Oral Health and Dental Fear Among Illicit Drug Users in Northern Finland"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5910-9754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raija","family":"Vainionp\u00e4\u00e4","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Population Health University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antti","family":"Tiisanoja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Population Health University of Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Social and Health Services Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Outi","family":"Kokkola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Population Health University of Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center and University Hospital of Oulu University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pirkko","family":"Riipinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3804-1858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vuokko","family":"Anttonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Population Health University of Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center and University Hospital of Oulu University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2155-8213.103928"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2006.tb00405.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2007.00379.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13754"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000357223"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0740-5472(99)00084-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/yco.0b013e32832a2349"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23804\/ejpd.2017.18.02.0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.55928J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19424396.2019.12220817"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1745017901814010207"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale: Validation and United Kingdom Norms","volume":"12","author":"Humphris G. 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