{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T03:59:30Z","timestamp":1781668770726,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]],"date-time":"2025-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp;amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to assess the implant\u2010supported overdenture stress distribution pattern in cancellous and cortical bone, dental implants, and prosthetic components, and its displacement by using finite element analysis (FEA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An edentulous model of the mandible was designed with three dental implants placed at the sites of canine teeth and the midline. Six groups were designed with isolated (ball and locator) and splinted (conventional bar and a CAD\/CAM milled bar with cast and screw ball) attachments with and without a cantilever using SolidWorks 2022 software. The stress distribution pattern in the surrounding bone, implants, and prosthetic components (attachments, caps, housings, and screws) was evaluated following the application of 150\u2009N force vertically and 105\u2009N load with a 30\u00b0 angle relative to the first molar site using Abaqus\/CAE 2021 software. The implant\u2010supported overdenture displacement was also evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ball attachment caused the highest stress in the attachments (363 and 896\u2009MPa) and housings (375 and 1187\u2009MPa) under vertical and oblique loadings, and cancellous bone (6\u2009MPa under vertical loading). The pattern of stress distribution was variable following vertical and oblique loading in the cortical bone and dental implants in different groups. The locator attachment resulted in lower stress distribution in bone, implants, and prosthetic components. In splinted groups, the cantilever designs caused lower stress in bone, implants, and prosthetic components in comparison with designs without a cantilever. The conventional and milled bar did not show any mechanical difference.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Considering the stress distribution patterns, the locator attachment is preferred to the ball isolated attachment, and the cantilever design is preferred among the splinted types. Isolated attachments were more effective in controlling the displacement. Also, conventional and milled bars did not show any superiority over each other.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T16:38:08Z","timestamp":1741711088000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Stress Distribution Pattern in Mandibular Overdenture Designs Supported by Three Dental Implants: A 3D Finite Element Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8284-4041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Negin","family":"Aminianpour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2527-728X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marzieh","family":"Alikhasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa Shabanpour","family":"Kasari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Research and Development Unit Avita Dental Implant System, KFP\u2010Dental Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hashem","family":"Yousefi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Unit Avita Dental Implant System, KFP\u2010Dental Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Islamic Azad University, Tehran South Branch Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hakimeh","family":"Siadat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2013.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2021.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2022.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14041051"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60010017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2007.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/943839"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/THC-2006-144-523"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"391","article-title":"Finite Element Stress Analysis of Dental Prostheses Supported by Straight and Angled Implants","volume":"24","author":"Cruz M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"675","article-title":"Three\u2010Dimensional Finite Element Stress Analysis of a Cuneiform\u2010Geometry Implant","volume":"18","author":"Cruz M.","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2007.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2017.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2003.0073"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2015.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13408"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ID.0000000000000708"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14102598"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Three\u2010Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Four\u2010Implants Supported Mandibular Overdentures Using Two Different Attachments","volume":"54","author":"Jiang M. 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