{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T03:26:28Z","timestamp":1782444388195,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp;amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to identify the proteins in hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPMs) and correlate their function in Amelogenesis. HSPM is a qualitative defect of the enamel of the second primary molars with no clear etiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Total protein quantification was performed using the Bradford Protein Assay, followed by the electrophoretic separation of samples using 2D\u2010Gel electrophoresis to identify the proteins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results from the Bradford Protein Assay unveiled a five\u2010fold increase in the protein content in HSPM. Proteins such as Dentin sialo\u2010phosphoprotein (DSPP), Keratin, type I, Serum Albumin, Anti\u2010thrombin III, Alpha\u20101\u2010Antitrypsin, Histone H3.2, Actin, Heat shock Protein, Vimentin, Desmoglein\u20103, Glyceraldehyde\u20103\u2010phosphate dehydrogenase, Inosine\u20105'\u2010monophosphate dehydrogenase 2, Zinc Alpha 2 glycoprotein, Lysozyme C, Prothrombin, Vit\u2010D binding Protein, Apolipoprotein A\u20101, Defensin 1, Immunoglobulin Gamma, Immunoglobulin Kappa, and Alpha\u2010Amylase were all upregulated (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in HSPM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This investigation conclusively demonstrates that HSPM\u2010affected teeth have higher protein content than healthy teeth. The study also supports the theory of proteolytic inhibition attributed to reduced protease activity and heightened protease inhibitor activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T14:19:41Z","timestamp":1738592381000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Differential Expression of Hard Tissue Proteins in Hypomineralized Second Primary Molars in Comparison to Normal Teeth"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sharon","family":"Jessica","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University) Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramya","family":"Sekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University) Chennai Tamil Nadu India"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College &amp; Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical &amp; Technical Sciences Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7349-1619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Snehashish","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology College of Medical Sciences Bharatpur Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safal","family":"Dhungel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery College of Medical Sciences Bharatpur Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kavitha","family":"B.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University) Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahesh","family":"Ramakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pedodontics &amp; Preventive Dentistry Saveetha Dental College &amp; Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical &amp; Technical Sciences Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shazia Fathima","family":"Jh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College &amp; Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical &amp; Technical Sciences Chennai Tamil Nadu India"},{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology &amp; Microbiology Ragas Dental College &amp; Hospital Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monisha","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaiganesh","family":"I.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric &amp; Preventive Dentistry Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University) Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sindhu","family":"Subramani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University) Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2018.814"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-015-0179-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2010.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-015-0178-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-017-0293-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1349-0079(11)80008-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21124458"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56501\/intjcommunitydent.v10i1.26"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a019364"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.802833"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4933-3-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-4388.160366"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2004.02.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12892"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/4034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-021-00687-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"Nanci A.2018. Enamel: Composition Formation and Structure (Chapter 7) In: Ten Cates Oral Histology: Development Formation and Structure edited by A. R. Ten Cate."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31929"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513505768"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2017.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2006.00323.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440202204807"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1988-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2017.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/denu.2004.31.1.9"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cre2.70079","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T05:58:12Z","timestamp":1748843892000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cre2.70079"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cre2.70079"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cre2.70079","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2057-4347","2057-4347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2057-4347","type":"print"},{"value":"2057-4347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70079"}}