{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T18:09:18Z","timestamp":1780423758896,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp;amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peri\u2010implantitis is mostly caused by a pathological biofilm that forms through complex processes, initiated by the formation of the salivary pellicle on implant surfaces. Understanding the nature of these pellicles and biofilm and how to remove them is important for preventing peri\u2010implant infections and improving the success of dental implants. This study explores the characteristics of the salivary pellicle on titanium surfaces and assesses the effectiveness of different decontamination agents in eliminating the salivary pellicle and related microbial contaminations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Titanium surfaces were contaminated with salivary pellicles and pathological biofilms. The nature of the salivary pellicle was characterized using X\u2010ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), surface proteomics, contact angle measurements, and fluorescence microscopy. We tested six commonly used decontamination chemicals (chlorhexidine, essential oil\u2010based mouthwash, citric acid, phosphoric acid, saline, and phosphate buffer saline) as well as newly proposed treatments such as surfactants and solvents (acetone, acetic acid, and Tween 20) for their capability to eliminate salivary pellicles and pathogenic biofilms from titanium surfaces.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The hydrophobic nature of the salivary pellicle on titanium surfaces limits the efficacy of commonly used hydrophilic solutions in removing pellicles and bacteria. Organic solvents and surfactants, particularly acetic acid and Tween 20, demonstrated superior effectiveness in removing the pellicle and biofilm. Acetic acid was notably effective in restoring surface composition, reducing microbial levels, and removing multispecies biofilms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of surfactants and solvents could be a promising alternative for the treatment of biofilms on titanium surfaces. However, further studies are needed to explore their clinical applicability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T04:39:16Z","timestamp":1746765556000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["In Vitro Assessment of Salivary Pellicle Disruption and Biofilm Removal on Titanium: Exploring the Role of Surface Hydrophobicity in Chemical Disinfection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Wenji","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry McGill University Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azam Fayezi","family":"Sisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry McGill University Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed\u2010Nur","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry McGill University Montreal Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry University of Detroit Merci Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4470-9885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashwaq A.","family":"Al\u2010Hashedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry McGill University Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Daniel Gamonal","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETEP Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry Complutense University Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETEP Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry Complutense University Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2010-4865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasna H.","family":"Kunhipurayil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dental Medicine, QU Health Qatar University Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rubens","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University of S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahi","family":"Badran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry McGill University Montreal Canada"},{"name":"Periodontology Unit University of Sharija Sharija United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6293-5755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariano","family":"Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETEP Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry Complutense University Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faleh","family":"Tamimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dental Medicine, QU Health Qatar University Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2016.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2014.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2007.01162.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2014.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2014.858"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"High Resolution XPS of Organic Polymers: The Scienta ESCA300 Database","author":"Beamson G. 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