{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T18:47:54Z","timestamp":1784227674097,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp;amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study evaluated the effects of repeated use and sterilization on the wear and cutting\u2010edge integrity of zirconia implant drills.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty zirconium dioxide drills (Z\u2010Systems AG) with diameters of 2.3, 3.75, and 4.25\u2009mm were tested. Drilling was performed in porcine mandibular bone under standardized conditions: 800\u2009rpm, 50\u2009Ncm torque, and 20\u2009N axial pressure. Drills were divided into two groups: Group 1 (sterilized but unused) and Group 2 (30 drilling cycles with reprocessing). Wear was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 1000x magnification, applying a three\u2010grade scoring system. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann\u2013Whitney U test (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Drills subjected to 30 cycles showed significantly higher wear grades (Grade 2\u20133) compared to unused drills (Grade 0\u20131) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The mean wear grades increased from 0.3 to 2.6 for 2.3\u2009mm, from 0.4 to 2.7 for 3.75\u2009mm, and from 0.2 to 2.7 for 4.25\u2009mm drills. Effect sizes (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.88\u20130.90) confirmed a strong relationship between repeated use and wear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Zirconia drills show significant wear after 30 cycles. Although they offer potential as an alternative to steel drills, further research is needed to optimize cost\u2010effectiveness and clinical durability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T05:24:53Z","timestamp":1739424293000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of Repeated Use and Sterilization on the Wear of Zirconia Implant Drills: A SEM\u2010Based Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3541-5404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasilios","family":"Alevizakos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Digital Technologies in Dentistry and CAD\/CAM Danube Private University Krems an der Donau Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Mosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Digital Technologies in Dentistry and CAD\/CAM Danube Private University Krems an der Donau Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann\u2010Christin","family":"Platte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Digital Technologies in Dentistry and CAD\/CAM Danube Private University Krems an der Donau Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constantin","family":"von See","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Digital Technologies in Dentistry and CAD\/CAM Danube Private University Krems an der Donau Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03121-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.8099"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16155271"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-022-01800-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/dj11010018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2023.09.001"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","first-page":"106","article-title":"Creutzfeldt\u2010Jakob Disease after Dental Procedure Along With the Initial Manifestations of Psychiatric Disorder: A Case Report","volume":"16","author":"Badrfam R.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.840372"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ID.0000000000000028"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-03939-z"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"The Effect of Speed, Pressure, and Time on Bone Temperature During the Drilling of Implant Sites","volume":"11","author":"Brisman D. 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