{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:47:44Z","timestamp":1790916464972,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp;amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of parotid saliva (PS) composition on the phosphate species' chemical state in relation to dental caries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Unilateral stimulated PS samples were collected from 21 healthy adult subjects using a Lashley cup. Clinical caries scores of each subject were classified using the ICDAS score. The pH was recorded for each saliva sample. The concentration of specific inorganic elements (K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, Al<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>, Sr<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, Li<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, Zn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, and Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>) was measured using an Inductively Coupled Plasma\u2010Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP\u2010OES). The PS effective concentration of ions and the degree of saturation (DS) with respect to enamel mineral were determined by speciation calculation. The PS chemical environment was determined using <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P\u2010Nuclear\u2010Magnetic\u2010Resonance\u2010Spectroscopy (<jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P\u2010NMR). Pearson's correlation test was applied to evaluate the influence of PS composition on the ICDAS score.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pH varied from 5.9 to 7.6. The ICDAS scores varied from 0.03 to 2.48. PS was supersaturated with respect to HAp at all pH values. The <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P\u2010NMR peak position value reflects the phosphate chemical state within PS and its change in relation to pH. Only calcium ion concentration [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>], aluminum activity {Al<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>}, and DS<jats:sub>HAp<\/jats:sub> significantly correlated with the <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P\u2010NMR peak position value (ppm), whereas no correlation was observed between the <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P\u2010NMR peak position value and the activities of K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, Sr<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, Li<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, and Zn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This parotid saliva <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P\u2010NMR study has shown that calcium ion concentration [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>], aluminum activity {Al<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>}, and DS<jats:sub>HAp<\/jats:sub> significantly influence the phosphate species' chemical state existing within PS and provides extended knowledge on the main biochemical determinants of the caries process.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T05:15:48Z","timestamp":1739423748000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Influence of Parotid Saliva Composition on Phosphate Species' Chemical State in Relation to Dental Caries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7673-8253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Rovera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Institute of Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali S.","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical, Oral and Allied Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry Taif University Taif Saudi 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