{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T02:39:01Z","timestamp":1787625541077,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":34,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp;amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFCs) among Saudi children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A case\u2013control study was carried out at the Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs. Cases were children with NSOFCs who were matched by gender and year of birth to healthy controls from the same setting. Data on risk factors were collected by interviewing parents of both cases and controls using a validated questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of the father's and mother's information and the child's information. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to determine the associated risk factors with NSOFCs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 188 children were included (88 cases and 100 controls), with a mean age of 5.1\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3 years. Maternal fever during pregnancy was associated with a significantly higher risk of NSOFCs (OR\u2009=\u20093.4, 95% CI: 0.05\u20132.5, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Additionally, the presence of maternal relatives with orofacial clefts increased the risk (OR\u2009=\u20096.02, 95% CI: 0.43\u20133.16, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), whereas the strongest predictor was paternal relatives with orofacial clefts (OR\u2009=\u20098.00, 95% CI: 0.41\u20133.75, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.014). These findings are of utmost importance for the understanding and potential prevention of NSOFCs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The presence of paternal or maternal relatives with orofacial clefts and maternal fever during the first trimester were predictors for NSOFCs, with having affected paternal relatives being the strongest predictor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T09:54:49Z","timestamp":1741773289000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Risk Factors for Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts Among Saudi Children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7113-7827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Najla S.","family":"Alrejaye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Services Division of Orthodontics, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Science College of Dentistry King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3787-429X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mostafa A.","family":"Abolfotouh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Family Health Department High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2257-2662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fathima Fazrina","family":"Farook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Science College of Dentistry King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9704-387X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elaf Mubarak Abdullah","family":"Algharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"College of Dentistry King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi 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Dentistry King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Dental Services King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8851-8805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Latifa Yousef","family":"AlGudaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"College of Dentistry King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Dental Services King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi 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