{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:07:39Z","timestamp":1791821259320,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":38,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp;amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This systematic review aimed to evaluate the current evidence regarding the impact of postbiotics on dental caries, focusing on the effectiveness of postbiotic interventions in caries prevention, mechanisms of action, optimal dosages, and administration protocols.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A literature search was conducted across PubMed\/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, quasi\u2010experimental, observational, and in vitro studies. The selection followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta\u2010Analyses guidelines. A qualitative synthesis was performed due to heterogeneity in study designs and outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010one studies were included (18 in vitro and three randomized controlled trials). Postbiotics derived from various <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> species demonstrated inhibitory effects on <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic> growth, biofilm formation, and virulence gene expression. Proposed mechanisms include direct antimicrobial activity, inhibition of bacterial adhesion, disruption of biofilm formation, modulation of immune responses, and pH buffering. After postbiotic interventions, human trials showed reduced salivary <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> counts and increased salivary pH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Postbiotics offer a promising novel approach to dental caries prevention by targeting cariogenic bacteria and modulating the oral microbiome through multiple mechanisms. Compared to probiotics, postbiotics present additional advantages, including enhanced safety, stability, and ease of incorporation into oral care products.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T12:37:29Z","timestamp":1741696649000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Postbiotics and Dental Caries: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Faezeh","family":"Heidari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Shahed University Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8329-3205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artak","family":"Heboyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Analytics Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University Chennai India"},{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi Yerevan Armenia"},{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Rokaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences Department, College of Dentistry Ajman University Ajman United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Center of Medical and Bio\u2010Allied Health Sciences Research Ajman University Ajman United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3022-4390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A. 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