{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T13:58:57Z","timestamp":1762869537933,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004320","name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp;amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to assess the impact of casein phosphopeptide\u2010amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP\u2010ACP) and proanthocyanidin (PA) on the microshear bond strength (\u03bcSBS) of universal adhesives to caries\u2010affected dentin (CAD) in primary teeth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>160 human primary second molars with occlusal caries were utilized, with CAD\u2010exposed dentin surfaces. The teeth were categorized into four groups based on CAD pretreatment: no pretreatment, CPP\u2010ACP for 3\u2009min, PA for 1\u2009min, and PA for 1\u2009min followed by CPP\u2010ACP for 3\u2009min. Each group subdivided into four based on adhesive system (Gluma Bond Universal or All\u2010Bond Universal) and application mode (etch and rinse; E&amp;R or self\u2010etch; SE). Following composite resin restoration, \u03bcSBS measurements were taken after 24\u2009h of water storage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>PA pretreatment showed the highest \u03bcSBS compared to controls and other methods (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Conversely, CAD pretreatment with CPP\u2010ACP\u2009+\u2009PA led to lower \u03bcSBS than the control (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009). Universal adhesive choice significantly influenced \u03bcSBS (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with Gluma Bond Universal outperforming All\u2010Bond Universal (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The E&amp;R method demonstrated superior bond strength over SE (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>CAD pretreatment, particularly with PA, significantly impacted bond strength, with Gluma Bond Universal and the E&amp;R method proving optimal for enhancing \u03bcSBS to CAD. These findings offer valuable insights for refining adhesive protocols in pediatric dentistry, potentially improving clinical outcomes in restorative procedures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T11:06:19Z","timestamp":1745319979000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate and Proanthocyanidin on Bond Strength of Universal Adhesives to Caries\u2010Affected Dentin in Primary Teeth: An In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Nozari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farnaz","family":"Haji Abbas Oghli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Parvizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4447-3670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Jowkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Pakniyat Jahromi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyed Ahmadreza","family":"Hamidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"Effect of Casein Phosphopeptide\u2010Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Treatment on Microtensile Bond Strength to Carious Affected Dentin Using Two Adhesive Strategies","volume":"8","author":"Bahari M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2024.105942"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.31022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/918010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma10111224"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","article-title":"Bonding Performance of Universal Adhesives: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"21","author":"Cuevas\u2010Suarez C. 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