{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:59:07Z","timestamp":1789988347018,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp;amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patient risk assessments for caries and periodontitis are hourly activities for dentists. The present study tested a caries and periodontitis risk assessment format based on managing the person using a critical thinking emulation model including levels of patient capacity and disease management. Additionally, we explored factors in student analysis contributing to the designation of higher\/lower\u2010risk determinants for caries and periodontitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Third\u2010year dental students assessed patient risk for recurring disease in periodontics and cariology exercises. The risk assessment thought process becomes the learning outcome, learning guide, and assessment instrument. Students demonstrated the risk assessment analysis with a patient using PowerPoint presentations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Students applied over 95% of procedural steps (e.g., exam, history) with a range of judgmental steps (65%\u2013100%) in risk level, interprofessional practice, disease progression, compliance, among others. Designation of higher and lower\u2010risk determinants for periodontitis risk assessment (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200938), students identified differences in patient risk based on whether the patient had diabetes or smoked (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.013 to &lt;\u20090.001). For caries risk assessment (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200940), students identified differences between lower\u2010 and higher\u2010risk patients for patient compliance (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001), behavior control (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006), diet control (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and prognosis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The combined learning guide warrants further exploration in guiding dental students' risk analysis for periodontitis and caries by emulating the thinking process of a master clinician. Future work includes probing analysis with binary conclusions, interventions for high\u2010risk people with recurring disease, and the association of treatment and health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T11:29:07Z","timestamp":1746012547000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["An Emulation Model Combining Caries and Periodontitis Risk Assessment With Student Performance Report: An Exploratory Project"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1334-6591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Johnsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditi","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Garaicoa\u2010Pazmino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"School of Dentistry Universidad de Especialidades Espiritu Santo Samborondon Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justine","family":"Kolker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megumi","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics East Carolina University School of Dental Medicine Greenville North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa Oral Health Research Institute University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2022.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.12309"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.615"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2012.76.12.tb05418.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3290\/j.ohpd.a8216"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21815\/JDE.017.086"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21815\/JDE.017.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"Murray C. J. L. A. D.Lopez andWorld Health Organization World Bank & Harvard School of Public Health.1996.A Comprehensive Assessment of Mortality and Disability From Diseases Injuries and Risk Factors in 1990 and Projected to 2020.The Global Burden of Disease: Summary.https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/41864."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-988"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61680-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.13301"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2013.0057"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cre2.70135","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T06:15:27Z","timestamp":1751004927000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cre2.70135"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cre2.70135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cre2.70135","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2057-4347","2057-4347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2057-4347","type":"print"},{"value":"2057-4347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70135"}}