{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T01:40:13Z","timestamp":1784598013828,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp;amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Facial features play a key role in determining human attractiveness. Facial beauty is characterized by harmonious proportions and symmetry, essential for successful aesthetic treatments in oral rehabilitation. This study examines relationships between oral and facial midlines and key anatomical landmarks, as well as evaluates the smile framework and dental\/facial proportions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 637 males and females with an average age of 22.13 years (ranging from 18 to 40) were examined. Each individual had three digital images taken: a full\u2010face photo at rest, a forced smile photo, and an intraoral photo. For each patient, three levels of aesthetic analysis, from macro to micro aesthetics, were conducted. Initially, transverse and vertical facial proportions and their relationships with the golden ratio were assessed. Next, the relationships between predetermined important facial landmarks and the oral and facial midlines were evaluated, and finally, the patient's smile framework was analyzed. Data analysis was performed via IBM SPSS Statistics (v24.0) and appropriate statistical tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The studied population had a consonant smile arc, upward upper lip curvature, medium smile line with exposure up to the first molar, and square\u2010shaped teeth. Order of landmarks relative to facial midline from left to right includes the following: nasion, nose tip, philtrum, mouth midline, and dental midline. Furthermore, five out of seven vertical facial proportions and all transverse facial proportions closely align with the divine ratio (1.618), with significant gender\u2010specific differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Integration of these aesthetic standards are necessary to ensure satisfactory and predictable outcomes in treatments and can be used at macroesthetic, miniesthetic, and microesthetic levels by maxillofacial surgeons, prosthodontists, orthodontists, and restorative specialists. According to impact of race, sex, and age on these factors, conducting similar studies in different populations is recommended to achieve more precise and aesthetically pleasing treatments tailored to each community.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T03:25:27Z","timestamp":1750994727000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluation of Facial Proportions, Landmarks Relationships With Facial and Dental Midlines, and Smile Framework"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1461-1008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Bagheri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dental Implants Research Centre, Dental School Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8450-7604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vahid","family":"Mollabashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics Dental School, Dental Research Centre Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4434-4634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Mahdi","family":"Maleki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Implants Research Centre Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran"},{"name":"Student Research Committee Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3274-2650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Behnaz","family":"Alafchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.1998.1.1.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akinboboye B. D.Umesi andT.EsanPerception of Midline Diastema in Dental\u2011and Nondental\u2011Oriented Individuals.2018.","DOI":"10.4103\/smj.smj_3_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13420"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"64","article-title":"Evaluation of Different Esthetic Smile Criteria","volume":"24","author":"Al\u2010Johany S. S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Prosthodontics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.07.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(09)60117-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2009.07318.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(11)60102-9"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"370","article-title":"Anthropometric Analysis of Anterior Maxillary Teeth With Digital Photography\u2010A Study in a Portuguese Sample","volume":"9","author":"Cal\u00e7ada D.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Esthetic Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpr.2003.68"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.61930"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","volume-title":"Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms: Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","author":"Committee AoDPN","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59030595"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/030508-131.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/TurkJOrthod.2016.0013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/020916-112.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cji098"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8240.2008.00229.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/TurkJOrthod.2019.18086"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","unstructured":"Farkas L. G.Anthropometry of the Head and Face in Medicine. (No Title).1981."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.scs.0000171847.58031.9e"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.10.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22635"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/surgeries5040084"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-020-1329-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41405-020-0032-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-237X.188566"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/cjhr.cjhr_97_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijos.2013.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/2176-9451.19.4.136-157.sar"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.11.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-36770-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-1031-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/scs.0b013e31815c9446"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.07.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2017.04.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.923"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-02893-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/prd.1969"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","first-page":"219","article-title":"Nasofacial Anthropometry of Adult Bini Tribe in Nigeria","volume":"14","author":"Omotoso D.","year":"2011","journal-title":"African Journal of Biomedical Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Long\u2010Term Assessment (5\u2010to 19\u2010Year Follow\u2010Up) of the Incisal\u2010Level Changes in Single Implants Placed in the Anterior Maxilla: An Observational Clinical Study","volume":"40","author":"Padovezi I. P. D. D.","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Divine Proportions in Attractive and Nonattractive Faces","volume":"11","author":"Pancherz H.","year":"2010","journal-title":"World Journal of Orthodontics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0301574220981171"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","volume-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics, 6e: South Asia Edition\u2010E\u2010Book","author":"Proffit W. R.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-71262-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(82)90073-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8240.2002.tb00158.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2022.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.207795"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/prd.1618"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cre2.70164","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cre2.70164","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cre2.70164","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T08:11:18Z","timestamp":1773043878000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cre2.70164"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cre2.70164"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cre2.70164","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2057-4347","2057-4347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2057-4347","type":"print"},{"value":"2057-4347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70164"}}