{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:28:01Z","timestamp":1790627281660,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp;amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate external apical root resorption (EARR) and periodontal indices during en\u2010masse retraction of maxillary anterior teeth stimulated with low\u2010intensity electrical currents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A two\u2010arm randomized controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Young adult patients who visited the Department of Orthodontics at Damascus University between November 2023 and March 2024 and met predefined inclusion criteria were randomly allocated into two groups using block randomization. The study included 34 patients, with 17 assigned to the electrically stimulated en\u2010masse retraction (ESER) group and 17 to the conventional en\u2010masse retraction (CER) group. The force for the en\u2010masse retraction technique in both groups was 250\u2009g per side. The force was applied through bilateral closed\u2010coil nickel\u2010titanium springs anchored to an orthodontic mini\u2010screw on each side. In the ESER group, each upper anterior tooth was subjected to a continuous electrical stimulation of 15\u201320\u2009\u00b5A for 5 h daily, utilizing an intraoral removable electrical stimulation device. EARR was assessed using digital panoramic radiographs. Four periodontal indices were also used to assess periodontal status. Blinding was confined to data analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty\u2010four patients (26 females and 8 males) were analyzed with a mean age of 21.12\u2009\u00b1\u20092.41\u2009years. At the end of the en\u2010masse retraction phase, no significant difference in EARR was observed between the two groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). The observed root resorption in the ESER and CER ranged between 0.27 and 0.64 and 0.32 and 0.71\u2009mm, respectively. Also, insignificant differences were found in all periodontal indices studied at all measurement points between the two groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low\u2010intensity electrical stimulation had no significant effect on root resorption during the en\u2010masse retraction of the six upper anterior teeth. Both groups exhibited comparable slight root resorption without any significant difference between them. Additionally, low\u2010intensity electrical stimulation did not affect the periodontal status during en\u2010masse retraction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trail Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical Trials database (NCT06873490).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T13:15:28Z","timestamp":1754399728000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of Low\u2010Intensity Electrical Stimulation on External Apical Root Resorption and Periodontal Indices Following En\u2010Masse Retraction of Upper Anterior Teeth in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Rashad I.","family":"Shaadouh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry University of Damascus Damascus Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0640-1297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Y.","family":"Hajeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry University of Damascus Damascus Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Khursheed","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontic Division, Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry Jouf University Sakaka Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samer T.","family":"Jaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry Al\u2010Wataniya Private University Hama Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"3867","article-title":"Evaluation of Periodontal Health Status in Patients Undergoing Fixed Orthodontic Treatment. 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