{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T06:41:13Z","timestamp":1760683273820,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp;amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the microshear bond strength (\u00b5SBS) of resin\u2010modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) to primary dentin and the fracture resistance of primary molars restored with RMGIC, with and without the incorporation of mesoporous zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNCs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 100 extracted primary mandibular second molars were divided into two tests: the \u00b5SBS test (40 teeth) and the fracture resistance test (60 teeth). The \u00b5SBS test included four groups: (1) RMGIC (control), (2) RMGIC\u2009+\u20095\u2009wt.% mesoporous ZnO NPs, (3) RMGIC\u2009+\u20091\u2009wt.% BCNCs, and (4) RMGIC\u2009+\u20095\u2009wt.% mesoporous ZnO NPs and 1\u2009wt.% BCNCs. The fracture resistance test included these groups along with an intact teeth group (positive control) and a prepared but unrestored teeth group (negative control). A universal testing machine was used for all mechanical tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The RMGIC\u2009+\u20091\u2009wt.% BCNCs group exhibited the highest \u00b5SBS (6.35\u2009\u00b1\u20091.98\u2009MPa), significantly surpassing the control and other experimental groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). For fracture resistance, the negative control had the lowest value (422.70\u2009\u00b1\u200944.50\u2009N, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), while the positive control had the highest, significantly outperforming all groups except RMGIC\u2009+\u20091\u2009wt.% BCNCs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). The RMGIC\u2009+\u20091\u2009wt.% BCNCs group (1280.40\u2009\u00b1\u2009340.87\u2009N) demonstrated significantly greater fracture resistance than both RMGIC and RMGIC\u2009+\u20095\u2009wt.% mesoporous ZnO (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Incorporating 1\u2009wt.% BCNCs into RMGIC significantly enhanced both microshear bond strength and fracture resistance, leading to a higher proportion of restorable fractures. The positive correlation between bond strength and fracture resistance suggests that BCNCs\u2010modified RMGIC is a promising restorative material for improving durability in primary molars.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T08:00:32Z","timestamp":1758268832000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigation of the Combined Impact of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Bacterial Cellulose Nanocrystals on the Bond Strength to Dentin and Fracture Resistance of Resin\u2010Modified Glass Ionomer Cement in Primary Molars"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Nozari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Parvizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4447-3670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Jowkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6279-3008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farnaz","family":"Haji Abbas Oghli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hosein","family":"Askari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyed Ahmadreza","family":"Hamidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14010040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2020.03.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2017.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-020-03456-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2014.935540"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2341\/17-154-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-016-0224-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/JCDE.JCDE_192_24"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2011.04.077"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2007.10.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2017.07.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2014.05.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/ijod\/4438269"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"1404","article-title":"Effect of Silver Nanoparticles, Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Microshear Bond Strength to Enamel and Dentin","volume":"19","author":"Jowkar Z.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCIDE.S253251"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"e275","article-title":"Mechanical and Dentin Bond Strength Properties of the Nanosilver Enriched Glass Ionomer Cement","volume":"11","author":"Jowkar Z.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.844"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24701556.2021.1998121"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jioh.jioh_95_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13173821"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-3327.326646"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_134_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2019.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440201701059"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2022.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1717051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.58153"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA10789A"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2320206820930490"},{"issue":"03","key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Glass Ionomer Cement: Brief Review in Pediatric Dentistry","volume":"6","author":"Pargaonkar S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Healthc Biomed Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4690656"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2010.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2008.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03217-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.55942"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.22399"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"Marginal Sealing of a Porcelain Laminate Veneer Luted With Three Different Resin Cements on Fluorosed Teeth","volume":"12","author":"Shafiei F.","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Esthetic Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/JCD.JCD_6_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.materresbull.2012.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30574\/wjarr.2024.23.3.2622"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","first-page":"133","article-title":"Fracture Resistance of Primary Molars After Pulpotomy Procedure Using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate or Biodentine","volume":"47","author":"Top\u00e7uo\u011flu G.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22071225"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514555143"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cre2.70224","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T06:13:07Z","timestamp":1760681587000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cre2.70224"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cre2.70224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cre2.70224","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2057-4347","2057-4347"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2057-4347"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2057-4347"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70224"}}